Adv Peds midterm study guide

Common ASD client factor challenges

Executive function, sensory processing, repetitive behaviors, motor skills, social awareness, communication

Sensorimotor play in ASD examples

Spinning wheels, dropping objects repeatedly, mouthing objects

Takata Sensorimotor stage age

Birth-2 years

Takata Sensorimotor examples

Shaking rattles, banging toys, mouthing objects

Takata Symbolic/Simple Constructive stage age

2-4 years

Takata Symbolic play examples

Feeding doll, pretending block is phone

Takata Dramatic/Complex Constructive stage age

4-7 years

Takata Dramatic play examples

Playing house, school, doctor

Takata Games stage age

7-12 years

Takata Games examples

Sports, board games, video games

Takata Recreational stage age

12-16 years

Takata Recreational examples

Organized sports, hobbies, social hangouts

Theory of Mind hypothesis

Difficulty understanding others' thoughts, beliefs, and intentions

Weak Central Coherence hypothesis

Focus on details rather than whole picture

Joint Attention definition

Sharing attention toward an object/event through gaze or pointing

Executive Dysfunction hypothesis

Impairments in working memory, task initiation, and organization

Evaluation process starting point

Occupational profile

Areas considered during evaluation

Communication, attention/motivation, sensory processing, praxis, motor skills

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) focus

Skill acquisition and behavior shaping through reinforcement

DIR/Floortime focus

Relationship-based social emotional development

TEACCH approach

Environmental structure and visual supports

Relationship Development Intervention (RDI) goal

Build flexible thinking and problem solving

Early Start Denver Model

Naturalistic developmental model using shared activities and parent coaching

Social participation interventions

Play scripts, peer buddy systems, visual supports

Early Intervention age range

Birth to 3 years

IFSP definition

Individualized Family Service Plan under IDEA Part C

IFSP review timeline

Every 6 months

Early Intervention setting

Natural environments (home, daycare, community)

Key EI strategies

Family-centered care and coaching

Transition planning for EI

Begins around age 2 for transition to school services

First step to enable play in EI

Positioning

Play activity goal 1

Arouse and engage

Play activity goal 2

Prompt emerging skills

Play activity goal 3

Reinforce higher-level skills

Play activity goal 4

Promote generalization across settings

General hospital pediatric services

Labor and delivery, NICU, pediatric units

Trauma center pediatric cases

Severe burns, TBI, multiple fractures

Children's hospital focus

Rare conditions, developmental disabilities, chronic illness

OT priorities in hospital settings

Prevent complications, resume able self, restore skills

Types of challenging behavior

Active and passive

Active challenging behavior examples

Throwing toys, hitting

Passive challenging behavior examples

Withdrawal, sitting under table

Antecedent intervention definition

Prevent behavior before it occurs

Examples of antecedent interventions

Visual schedules, timers

Consequence intervention focus

Reinforcement rather than punishment

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

Teach communication to replace problem behavior

Contingency method example

First work then bubbles

Motor control definition

How the CNS organizes movement

Motor learning definition

Process of acquiring and retaining motor skills

Cognitive stage of motor learning

Initial learning requiring heavy feedback

Associative stage of motor learning

Skill refinement through practice

Autonomous stage of motor learning

Skill becomes automatic

Whole task training definition

Practicing the entire activity

Benefit of whole task training

Better coordination and real-world performance

Part task training definition

Breaking task into smaller components

Variability practice goal

Develop flexible motor strategies

Blocked practice definition

Repeated practice of same movement

Distributed practice definition

Practice with rest between attempts

Variable practice definition

Same skill practiced in different ways

Intrinsic feedback definition

Sensory feedback from the learner

Extrinsic feedback definition

Feedback from therapist or environment

Knowledge of performance

Information about movement quality

Knowledge of results

Information about task success

Mental practice definition

Imagining movement without performing it

Order parameters

Define specific movement pattern

Control parameters

Variables that modify movement (ex speed)

Perturbations

Disruptions forcing adaptation

Affordances

Properties of objects that invite action

Degrees of freedom definition

Number of joints CNS must control

Benefit of reducing degrees of freedom

Simplifies movement and improves accuracy

Attractor state definition

Habitual movement pattern body returns to

Motor deficits in DCD

Poor timing, reduced reaction time, poor bimanual accuracy

Motor deficits in JIA

Slow movement and reduced endurance

Motor deficits in ASD

Motor planning difficulties and sensory variability

Motor deficits in CP

Postural control deficits and spasticity

Motor deficits in OI

Limited repetition reduces motor learning opportunities

OTPF client factors for handwriting

Fine motor control, visual motor integration, attention, praxis, posture, sensory processing

OTPF body structures for handwriting

Hands, fingers, wrist, forearm, visual system

Motor skills in handwriting

Stabilizing paper, bilateral coordination, pencil manipulation

Process skills in handwriting

Initiating writing, sequencing letters, maintaining pace

Social interaction skills in handwriting

Requesting help and participating in class

Palmar supinate grasp

Fisted grasp with arm movement

Digital pronate grasp

Fingers hold pencil but arm moves as unit

Static tripod grasp

Hand moves as unit with limited finger movement

Dynamic tripod grasp

Localized finger movement with stable arch

Handwriting development 10-12 months

Scribbling

Handwriting development age 2

Mimics horizontal and vertical lines

Handwriting development age 3

Copies vertical and horizontal lines and circle

Handwriting development age 4-5

Copies cross and some letters/numbers

Handwriting development age 5-6

Copies letters and writes name

IDEA Part B

Provides IEP services for ages 3-21

ADHD school eligibility category

Other Health Impairment

Section 504 purpose

Provides accommodations for students with disabilities

MTSS Tier 1

Universal supports for all students

MTSS Tier 2

Targeted interventions for at-risk students

MTSS Tier 3

Intensive individualized supports

Assistive Technology definition

Any device used to improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities

SETT framework

Student, Environment, Task, Tool

HAAT framework

Human, Activity, Assistive Technology, Context

AT evaluation factors

Effectiveness, affordability, portability, durability, safety, usability, acceptance