Histopath Post Test

Site of collection for hormonal studies

Upper 3rd of vaginal wall

Cells with “fried egg appearance”

Parabasal cells

Stain for copper pigments

Rhodamine stain / LindQuist Rhodamine stain

Ratio to prepare 10% Formalin

1:9 stock sol’n to water

Most common metallic fixative

Mercuric chloride

These are flat, polyhedral cells with a pyknotic nucleus

Superficial cells

Scott’s tap water is employed for?

Blueing agent

Alkaline fast green is a useful stain for _

Histones

Ideal fixative to tissue ratio

20:1

Stain used for glomerular basement membrane

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

Inventor of Sliding Microtome

Adams

Routine fixative for exfoliative cytology

95% ethanol

Specimen size for processing and thickness for routine histopath

3×2 cm size

3-5mm thick

Osmolality of Fixation

Slightly hypertonic: 400-450mOsm

What is both a nucelar and histochemical fixative

Newomer’s

Aldehyde fixative associated with:

• fixation of CNS tissues and general post mortem tissues

• ideal for silver impregnation techniques

10% Formol Saline

Aldehyde fixative associated with:

• BEST fixative for iron containing pigments and elastic fiber

• recommended for routine fixation

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

Aldehyde fixative associated with:

• excellent for stains like Silver Reticulin Methods

Formol Corrosive

Aldehyde fixative associated with:

• good for Glycogen and microincineration techniques

• Fixes sputum

Gendre’s / Alcoholic formalin / Alcoholic Bouin

Aldehyde fixative associated with:

• similar to formalin

• PRIMARY fixative for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Glutaraldehyde

Metallic fixatives produce black granular deposits EXCEPT what

Heidenhain Susa

Metallic Fixative associated with:

• recommended for small pieces of liver, spleen CT fibers, NUCLEI

• recommended for Trichrome staining

Zenker’s with GAD

Zenker formol is AKA _

Helly‘s

Metallic Fixative associated with:

• blood containing organs

• pituitary gland, BM

• Preserves cytoplasmic granules

Zenker Formol

Metallic Fixative associated with:

• skin tumor biopsies

Heidenhain Susa

Metallic Fixative associated with:

• BM biopsies

B5 fixative

Chromate fixative associated with:

• preserves lipids and mitochondria

Potassium Dichromate

Chromate fixative associated with:

• chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures

• golgi bodies, RBC and colloid containing tissues

Regaud’s / Muller’s

Chromate fixative associated with:

• for early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis

• intracellular bacteria (Rickettsia)

Orth’s fluid

Picric acid fixative associated with:

• for embryos and pituitary biopsies

Bouin’s

Picric acid fixative associated with:

• for GI tract samples and for endocrine tissues

• decalcifying property

Hollande’s Solution

Flemming’s is an example of what type of Fixative

Osmium tetroxide

Three Fixatives for EM

1. Glutaraldehyde

2. Paraformaldehyde

3. Osmium tetroxide

This is a mixture of methanol and PEG; cost effective alternative to formalin; able to recover RNA, DNA, proteins for molecular analysis

UMFIX

Agitation reduces overall processing time of fixation by how many %

30%

Post-chromatization is AKA _

Post-mordanting

Alcoholic iodine washes out excess _ fixatives

Mercury

MOST common routine decalcifying agent

Nitric acid

Remedy to remove the yellow color in Nitric Acid (Decalcifying)

Add 5% Sodium thiosulfate or use Urea crystals

MOST rapid decalcifying agent

Phlorogluin Nitric Acid

Decalcifying agent recommended for surface decalcification of tissue blocks

Hydrochloric acid

This is the BEST decalcifying agent

Formic acid

Commonly used Chelating agent (Decalcification)

Versene (EDTA)

• 1-3 weeks for small specimens

• 6-8 weeks for more dense

Most ideal but expensive way to measure the extent of Decalcification

Xray

Chemical method in measuring the extent of Decalcifiation is AKA _

Calcium oxalate

Decalcifying agent that can also soften tissues

Perenyi’s

Dehydration occurs in ascending grades or descending grades of alcohols?

Ascending

Initial concentration of routine and delicate tissues for dehydration

Routine - 70%

Delicate - 30%

Amount of dehydrating agent has to be at least how many times the volume of tissue

10x

BEST dehydrating agent

Ethanol

Dehydrating agent associated with:

• plant and animal microtechniques

Butanol

This substance insures complete dehydration and checks if the alcohol is still viable

Anhydrous Copper Sulfate