Inter War Period Vocabulary (Glenco 24.2, 24.3, 24.4)

Surrealism

Portrayed the unconscious in art; artists sought to show greater reality exists beyond the world of physical appearances.

James Joyce

Author who wrote a stream of consciousness novel, Ulysses, published in 1922.

trend

a general direction in which something is developing or changing.

totalitarian state

In this type of government, the government aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens

fascism

A political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual; it controls the people and stifles any opposition.

Five Year Plans

Stalin set economic goals for five year periods; their goal was to transform Russia from agricultural to an industrial country.

Francisco Franco

Europe's youngest general; led Spanish forces in revolt against the democratic Spanish government in 1936 beginning civil war.

Politburo

The Communist Party main policy making party.

Joseph Stalin

Politburo member, was the general party secretary under Trotsky. Used his position to gain complete control of the Communist Party.

prohibit

When you are not permitted to do something. Ex. Under Hitler, Jews were not allowed to own, manage, or work in any retail store.

Nuremberg Laws

Nazi racial laws; defined who was a Jew and excluded Jews from German citizenship and stripped Jews of their civil rights. Forced Jews to wear yellow stars.

Aryan

a term used to identify people speaking Indo-European language; misused by Nazi's as a racial designation.

Reichstag

the German parliament

Adolf Hitler

His core ideas were racism, especially against jews. He was an extreme nationalist and served in the military during WWI.

nazi

Right wing extreme nationalist party in Germany

concentration camps

Prison camps to hold people who opposed the Nazis and to purge unwanted ethnic groups.

Enabling Act

A law that gave the German government the power to ignore their constitution for four years while it issued laws to deal with the country's problems.

require

to need or demand something that is necessary

Kristallnacht

(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.

Munich

Capital city of Bavaria, in Germany

Heinrich Himmler

German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews (1900-1945)

uncertainty principle

the idea put forth by Werner Heisenberg in 1927 that the behavior of subatomic particles is uncertain, suggesting that all of the physical laws governing the universe are based on uncertainty

photomontage

The process of combining parts of various photographs in one photograph.

assembly

A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit.

Salvador Dali

Spanish surrealist painter

Herman Hesse

author of Siddhartha and Steppenwolf; used Buddhist ideas to show the psychological confusion of the modern existence

totalitarian state

country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people

collectivization

Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other Communist regimes.

media

various methods for communicating information, including newspapers, radio, and film

unprecedented

never having happened before

Russia

Are of Eastern Europe that would develop into the USSR

Benito Mussolini

(1883-1945) Italian leader. He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance.

New Economic Policy

Lenin's economy reform that re-established economic freedom in an attempt to build agriculture and industry

Madrid

Capital of Spain