med term complete textbook list

vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)

a vaginal infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans

vaginismus

involuntary spasms of the pelvic floor muscles, which close off the vagina

vaginitis

inflammation of the lining of the vagina

pruritus vulvae

a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia

pruritus

itching

vulvodynia

painful syndrome of unknown cause that is characterized by chronic burning, dyspareunia, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva

Vulvitis

inflammation of the vulva

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

fibroadenoma

a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast

fibrocystic breast disease

the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts

cyst

closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material

galactorrhea

the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding

mastalgia (mastodynia)

pain in the breast

mastitis

a breast infection that is caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue, most frequently during breastfeeding

amenorrhea

abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

dysmenorrhea

pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period

dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

a condition characterized by abnormal bleeding often due to an imbalance in hormone level changes

hypermenorrhea (menorrhagia)

excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than 7 days

hypomenorrhea

an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period

menometrorrhagia (intermenstrual bleeding)

excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals

metrorrhagia (spotting)

uterine bleeding between menstrual periods

oligomenorrhea

infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods

polymenorrhea

the occurrence of menstrual cycles more frequently than is normal

premature menopause

a condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40 years due to disease, a hormonal disorder, or surgical removal

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the 2-week period before menstruation

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle

abortion

the interruption or termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable

spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

the unintended termination of a pregnancy that usually occurs early in the pregnancy and is due to an abnormality of genetic disorder

induced abortion

intentional termination of pregnancy caused by human intervention achieved through the use of drugs or suctioning

therapeutic abortion

induced abortion performed for medical purposes

ectopic pregnancy (extrauterine pregnancy)

a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus

ectopic

out of place

gestational diabetes mellitus

the form of diabetes that occurs pregnancy

infertility

the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to live birth

preeclampsia (pregnancy-induced hypertension)

a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

eclampsia

most serious form of preeclampsia characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma

HELLP syndrome

a life-threatening pregnancy complication characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count

Rh factor

presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells.

Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg)

vaccination of a blood product administered to mother who is Rh- with an Rh+ baby

abruptio placentae (placental abruption)

disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus, leading cause of fetal death

abruption

breaking off

breech presentation

the buttocks or feet of the fetus are positioned to enter the birth canal first instead of the head

placenta previa

the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

previa

appearing before or in front of

premature infant (preemie)

a fetus born before the 37th week of gestation

stillbirth

the birth of a fetus that died before, or during, the delivery

postpartum depression

a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and the loss of pleasure in normal activities that can occur shortly after giving birth

colposcopy

the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina

colposcope

binocular magnifier used to perform a colposcopy

endometrial biopsy

a small amount of the tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed for microscopic examination

endovaginal ultrasound

test performed by placing

an ultrasound transducer in the vagina to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding

hysterosalpingography

a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes

instillation

slow introduction of a liquid into a body part by pouring or injection

hysteroscopy (HYS)

direct visual exam of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

hysteroscope

instrument used in hysteroscopy

Pap smear

exfoliative biopsy of the cervix performed to detect conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer

exfoliative

cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope

speculum

an instrument used to enlarge the opening of the vagina during the examination of the cervix and vagina

laparoscopy

visual examination of the abdomen

pregnancy test

performed to detect an unusually high level of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in either a blood or urine specimen, which is usually an indication of pregnancy

fetal ultrasound

noninvasive procedure used to image and evaluate fetal development during pregnancy

first trimester screening (combined

screening)

performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy and involves an ultrasound and a fingerstick blood test to detect if the fetus is at increased risk for down syndrome

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi between the 8th and 10th weeks of pregnancy to search for genetic abnormalities in the developing fetus

amniocentesis (AMN)

a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid

pelvimetry

radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal

contraceptive

measure taken to lessen the likelihood of pregnancy

birth control pills

form of hormones that are administered as an oral contraceptive

diaphragm

barrier contraceptive that prevents the sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg

intrauterine device (IUD)

a molded plastic contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus to prevent pregnancy

condom

a thin rubber sheath worn on a man's penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as protection against STDs

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

use of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause

Estradiol

commonly used synthetic forms of estrogen

Progestin

commonly used synthetic forms of progesterone

oophorectomy (ovariectomy)

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

surgical menopause

occurs when both ovaries are removed in a premenopausal woman

salpingectomy

surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes

salpingo-oophorectomy

the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries

tubal ligation

a surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum

colpopexy (vaginofixation)

the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall

conization (cone biopsy)

surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix

colporrhaphy

surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina

dilation and curettage (D&C)

surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped

dilation

expansion of an opening

curettage

the removal of material from the surface by scraping with an instrument known as a curette

myomectomy

the surgical removal of uterine fibroids

hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

total hysterectomy (complete

hysterectomy)

procedure in which the uterus and cervix are removed

partial hysterectomy (subtotal hysterectomy)

procedure in which the uterus is removed and the cervix is left in place

radical hysterectomy (bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy)

procedure most commonly performed to treat uterine cancer involving the surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the uterus and cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes

mammoplasty (mammaplasty)

a general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts

breast augmentation

mammoplasty performed to increase breast size, often for cosmetic reasons

augmentation

process of adding to make larger

breast reduction

mammoplasty performed to decrease and reshape excessively large, heavy breasts

mastopexy

breast lift, mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position

cesarean section (C-section)

delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls

VBAC

acronym used to describe vaginal birth after cesarean