Healthy People 2030 Content

Increase the proportion of primary care visits where adolescents and adults are screened for depression

Main issue: Depression rates are high in the United States for adults and adolescents

-At primary care visits, screening for depression and the right treatment following the visit has shown an improvement in the symptoms of depression for these age groups

-Implement support though community initiatives (educate health care providers about screening for depression, public awareness campaign, implement education, and continuing medical education workshops for providers)

-Nurses need to teach about depression

Eliminate cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents and young adults

Main issue: Cigarette smoking is the cause of cancer and early death in both adults and adolescents. Key to having less smoking is to prevent adolescents from smoking before the age of 18

Community initiatives support: Raising minimum age and price to buy tobacco, limiting marketing, decease use of flavoring

Nurses roll: educate adolescents and young adults about risks like lung disease, heart disease, and cancer, second hand smoke, educate on school programs to end teen use

Erikson and Piaget in “Eliminate cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents and young adults”

Erikson

Indentity vs. Role Confusion (puberty)-Discovering role in society and self-image as body is changing through puberty

& Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adults)-Forming long term, productive relationships (feelings of isolation if you don’t

Piaget

Formal operational (11+ years old)-Understand abstract thpughts and hypothetical reasoning, use logic and deductive reasoning

Reduce the proportion of adults who have obesity

Main issue:Obesity can be linked to things like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers

Community initiates: coaching or counseling, activity monitors, creating programs that promote exercise and healthy behaviors

Nurses roll:Guide ways to improve nutition, physical activity and overall healthy lifestyle choices

Erikson, kohlberg, and Piaget in “reduce the proportion of adults who have obesity”

Erikson-Psychosocial development

Intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs despair

Kohlberg-Moral deveopment

Stage 3 (interpersonal), stage 4 (Law & Order), and stage 5 (sacrifice to others)

Piaget-Cognitive development

Formal operational stage (1 years and older, continues into adulthood)

Increase the proportion of adults who get screened for colorectal cancer

Main issue: one of leading causes of cancer deaths in the US is colorectal cancer

Community roles: raise awareness, improve access to screenings, encourage preventative care, and policy advocacy

Nurses role:Raise awareness, counsel patients, system reminders, identify symptoms

“Increase the proportion of adults who get screened for colorectal cancer ” Age Group/Developmental Stage

-18-65

-Erikson: Intimacy vs Isolation and Generaivity vs Stagnation

-Freud: Genital

-Piaget: Formal Operations

-Kohlberg: Postconventional

Reduce fall-related deaths among older adults

Main issue: falling is a major cause of death or serious injury for older adults in the US

Community roles: promote safety measures, increase awareness, and provide resources for fall prevention. Nurses role: assess risk factors, educate patients on safety, and implement fall prevention strategies.

Role of nurses: Educating family members in a hospital setting, advocating for fall-risk patients, encourage loved ones to take precautions

Age Group/ Developmental Stages for “Reduce fall related deaths among older adults”

Age: 65+

-Erikson: Despair vs integrity

-Piaget: Formal operational-Kohlberg: Postconventional

Reduce the rate of hospital admissions for pneumonia among older adults

Main issue: older adults are more likely to get pneumonia and be hospitalized for it

Community initiatives: increase vaccination rates and availability of vaccines

Nurses role: Educate the importance of vaccines, symptom recognition, and communicate the importance of health habits

Age groups/developmental stages for “reduce the rate of hospital admissions for pneumonia among older adults”

Age: 65 and older

Erikson: Integrity vs despair

Piaget: Formal operational

Increase the proportion of adults with subjective cognitive decline who have discussed their symptoms with a provider

Main issue: Not enough adults over the age of 45 with subjective cognitive decline discuss their symptoms with their healthcare provider. If discussed, may lead to treatment for

-Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and other forms of dementia

Community initiatives: early screenings, interventions and guidelines

Nurses roll: prompting these conversations with patient

Age groups/developmental stages for “Increase the proportion of adults with subjective cognitive decline who have discussed their symptoms with a provider”

Age: 45 and older
Erikson: Generativity vs stagnation
Piaget: Formal operational

Freud: Genital stage

Reduce stroke death

Main issue: Strokes are a major cause of death and disability in the US that disproportionately affect certain populations

Community initiatives: Improving access to community resources that can prevent, delay, and manage chronic illnesses, educating the public on signs and symptoms of stroke, nutrition and physical activity

Role of the nurse: Comprehensive health education to patients, patient education, community awareness, chronic disease management, emergency preparedness

Age group/developmental stages of “Reduce Stroke Death”

Age: 70’s, most common is 90’s

Erikson: Integrity vs Despair

Reduce the proportion of adults with disabilities who delay preventative care because of cost

Main issue: many adults with disabilities prolong getting preventative care because of cost, leading to diseases

Community initiativesL Boston center for independent living, the office of disease prevention and health promotion

Nurses roles Accessibility and communication, patient advocacy, education awareness, and care coordination

Age group/developmental stages of “reduce the proportion of adults with disabilities who delay preventative care because of cost”

Age group: 18 +

Erikson: intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs despair

Piaget: formal operational stage