Chamberlain University BIOS 251 Exam 2

How many main tissue types are found in the human body?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

D. 4

Avascularity is a characteristic of which tissue type?

A. Muscle tissue

B. Connective tissue

C. Cardiac tissue

D. Epithelial tissue

D. Epithelial tissue

Which type of tissue rests on an underlying basement membrane?

A. Cardiac tissue

B. Muscle tissue

C. Epithelial tissue

D. Connective tissue

C. Epithelial tissue

Regeneration is a characteristic of what type of tissue?

A. Skeletal muscle

B. Connective tissue

C. Cardiac muscle

D. Epithelial tissue

D. Epithelial tissue

Which muscle tissue is striated and voluntary?

A. Cardiac muscle

B. Connective tissue

C. Skeletal muscle

D. Smooth muscle

C. Skeletal muscle

Gap junctions are unique to ______________.

A. skeletal muscle

B. epithelial tissue

C. cardiac muscle

D. smooth muscle

C. cardiac muscle

Which cells serve an immunological defense function?

A. Adipocytes

B. Melanocytes

C. Macrophages

D. Microcells

C. Macrophages

Which represents specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses?

A. Glial

B. Elastic

C. Neuron

D. Muscle

C. Neuron

Which are known functions of glia cells? Select all that apply.

A. Protect neurons.

B. Send electrical impulses.

C. Processes sensory information.

D. Act as housekeeping for the nervous system.

E. Provide nourishment for neurons.

A. Protect neurons.

D. Act as housekeeping for the nervous system.

E. Provide nourishment for neurons.

The three types of muscle are ______________________.

A. skeletal, reticular, and elastic

B. skeletal, smooth, and elastic

C. skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

D. skeletal, cardiac, and transitional

C. skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Which of the following is false, with respect to muscle tissue?

A. Muscle specializes in contraction.

B. Muscle helps control body temperature.

C. Muscle is one of the four classes of tissue types.

D. Muscle contraction can cause movement.

E. Muscle serves as a calcium reservoir.

E. Muscle serves as a calcium reservoir.

The three types of protein fibers that are found in connective tissue are ______________________.

A. collagen, elastic, and reticular

B. blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid

C. loose, dense, and irregular

D. tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments

E. cartilage, bone, and collagen

A. collagen, elastic, and reticular

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium's primary function is _________________.

A. absorption

B. secretion

C. filtration

D. protection

B. secretion

Which is not a function of simple squamous epithelium?

A. Filtration

B. Protection from abrasion

C. Diffusion

D. Secretion

B. Protection from abrasion

An epithelium in which the basal layer of cells is cuboidal and the apical layer has cells that are thin and flat with a fried-egg appearance in shape is a ___________________ epithelium

A. stratified cuboidal

B. simple columnar

C. stratified squamous

D. Simple cuboidal

C. stratified squamous

A structure that secretes hormones directly into the blood is ______________.

A. a plasma cell

B. a goblet cell

C. an exocrine gland

D. an endocrine gland

D. an endocrine gland

Which cell junction prevents the movement of material between cell membranes?

A. Desmosomes

B. Tight junctions

C. Gap junctions

D. Hemidesmosomes

B. Tight junctions

Serosa can be found in which body cavity?

A. Cranial cavity

B. Spinal cavity

C. Dorsal body cavity

D. Ventral body cavity

D. Ventral body cavity

Which body membrane surrounds organs located in body cavities that do not open directly to the outside of the body?

A. Mucus

B. Synovial

C. Integumentary

D. Serous

D. Serous

Which tissue type does not play a role in forming membranes of the human body?

A. Epithelial tissue

B. Muscle tissue

C. Connective tissue

D. Nervous tissue

D. Nervous tissue

Thermoregulation is one of the functions of the cutaneous membrane.

A. True

B. False

A. True

The synovial membrane is found where?

A. Covering the outer surface of the body

B. Covering the brain and spinal cord

C. Lining freely-movable joints

D. Lining the thoracic cavity

C. Lining freely-movable joints

Where is the serosa membrane found?

A. Lining the cranial cavity

B. Covering the abdominal organs

C. Covering the outer surface of the body

D. Lining freely-movable joints

B. Covering the abdominal organs

Which is a possible function of some cell junctions?

A. Communication

B. Storage

C. Protection

D. Secretion

E. Absorption

A. Communication

Which cell junctions allow for rapid and direct communication between two cells?

A. Hemidesmosomes

B. Desmosomes

C. Tight junctions

D. Gap junctions

E. Basement membrane

D. Gap junctions

Which gives epithelial cells the ability to withstand significant mechanical stress?

A. Desmosomes

B. Occludins

C. Connexons

D. Gap junctions

E. Tight junctions

A. Desmosomes

Cells of the myocardium are able to contract in a synchronized fashion, due in part, to the actions of ____________.

A. tight junctions

B. hemidesmosomes

C. desmosomes

D. cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

E. gap junctions

E. gap junctions

Which of the following is/are components of a mucous membrane? Select all that apply.

A. Lymph

B. Lamina propria

C. Epithelium

D. Bone

E. Connective tissue

B. Lamina propria

C. Epithelium

Which of the following is not a component of mucous membranes?

A. Serosa

B. Goblet cells

C. Lamina propria

D. Muscularis

E. Epithelium

A. Serosa

Which membrane lines the body systems that open to the outside?

A. Serosa

B. Serous

C. Mucus

D. Synovial

C. Mucus

Which organ system is not lined with mucus membrane?

A. Digestive

B. Urogenital

C. Respiratory

D. Cardiovascular

D. Cardiovascular

Which type of membrane lines the ventral internal body cavity?

A. Cutaneous

B. Mucus

C. Serous

D. Synovial

C. Serous

Which tissue type does not easily regenerate when its cells are damaged?

A. Muscle

B. Blood vessels

C. Bone

D. Skin

E. Neurons

E. Neurons

Physiological hypertrophy is considered a/an _____________

A. etiological process

B. pathological process

C. normal process

D. abnormal process

C. normal process

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an example of the increase in the cell _________

A. size

B. size and number

C. mitotic divisions

D. number

D. number

Which type of cell is not capable of undergoing hyperplasia?

A. Muscle

B. Skin

C. Neurons

D. Bone

E. Blood vessels

C. Neurons

Disordered growth of the epithelium that precedes cancer is

A. dysplasia

B. Hyperplasia

C. hypertrophy

D. metaplasia

E. pathological hypertrophy

A. dysplasia

Barrett's esophagus is an example of which cellular adaptation method?

A. Dysplasia

B. Hyperplasia

C. Metaplasia

D. Atrophy

E. Hypertrophy

C. Metaplasia

Programmed cell death that occurs as a result of normal growth is

A. apoptosis

B. physiological necrosis

C. atrophy

D. necrosis

A. apoptosis

A client who suffers an injury to the epidermis layer of the skin will heal with new healthy skin. What is this process called?

A. Regeneration

B. Fibrosis

C. Inflammation

D. Hypotrophy

A. Regeneration

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to ____________ of muscle cells.

A. atrophy

B. metaplasia

C. dysplasia

D. hyperplasia

E. hypertrophy

E. hypertrophy

During wound healing or tissue repair, the job of macrophages is to

A. aid in the formation of a scab

B. phagocytize cellular debris

C. release hormones in the area to increase blood flow

D. produce and secrete collagen fibers

E. stimulate epithelial cells to multiply.

B. phagocytize cellular debris

A client is examined for their blood pressure, and it is discovered the right kidney is smaller than usual due to a decrease in blood flow to that kidney. The kidney is said to have undergone what change?

A. Hyperplasia

B. Hypertrophy

C. Atrophy

D. Metaplasia

C. Atrophy

What is the vascular response to an injury?

A. White blood cell accumulation

B. Inflammation

C. Proliferation

D. Apoptosis

B. Inflammation

Changing of one tissue type with another is characteristic of

A. dysplasia

B. hyperplasia

C. hypertrophy

D. pathological hypertrophy

E. metaplasia

E. metaplasia

Which is an example of hypertrophy?

A. Enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy

B. Liver regeneration after partial liver resection

C. A papillomavirus-induced skin wart

D. The uterus during menstruation

E. Breast development at puberty

A. Enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy

Which of the following correctly describes hyperplasia?

A. An increase in the size of the organ

B. An increase in the size of cells

C. An increase in the number of cellular organelles

D. It is always pathological

C. An increase in the number of cellular organelles

Cells that undergo structural and functional changes in response to disruptions in homeostasis, to ensure cell survival and continued function are known as __________.

A. Atrophy

B. Adaptation

C. Apoptosis

D. Necrosis

B. Adaptation

Groups of cells sharing similar morphology and function form tissue.

That statement is:

A. True

B. False

A. True

The human body contains how many classes or types of tissue? (Enter a number)

4

"CMEN" is an acronym that is useful because it helps us remember the names of epithelial tissues.

That statement is:

A. True

B. False

B. False

Which of the following relationships between a tissue and its general function is correct?

A. Epithelium -----> Support

B. Connective Tissue -----> Support

B. Connective Tissue -----> Support

Does nervous tissue have poor or high regenerative capacity?

poor regenerative capacity

Does epithelium tissue have poor or high regenerative capacity?

high regenerative capacity

Glandular epithelium and lining (covering) epithelium are what?

A. Functional classification of connective tissue

B. Structural classifications of epithelium

C. Function classification of epithelial tissue

C. Function classification of epithelial tissue

Tendons are considered what type of tissue?

A. Nervous tissue

B. Epithelial tissue

C. Connective tissue

C. Connective tissue

"Striated muscle" and "controlled involuntarily" are characteristic of which of what type of muscle tissue?

A. Skeletal muscle

B. Smooth muscle

C. Cardiac muscle

C. Cardiac muscle

What is the study of cells called?

A. Pathology

B. Anatomy

C. Histology

D. Cytology

D. Cytology

Surfaces of the body which are exposed to the external environment are lined by what type of tissue?

A. Nervous

B. Epithelium

C. Muscle

D. Connective

B. Epithelium

What type of tissue has poor regenerative capacity?

A. Nervous tissue

B. Epithelial tissue

A. Nervous tissue

Tissue comprised of more than one layer of cells, with cells at the top resembling a scale or a fired egg, describes what type of epithelial tissue?

A. Transitional epithelium

B. Simple squamous epithelium

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

Blood is considered fluid connective tissue.

That statement is:

A. True

B. False

A. True

Which membrane-bound organelles carry out oxidation reactions as well detoxification of toxins that may have adverse effects on cells?

A. Lysosomes

B. Peroxisomes

B. Peroxisomes

A cell will use the process of ______________ in order to transport very large items outside the cell.

A. passive transport

B. active transport

C. endocytosis

D. exocytosis

D. exocytosis

Osmosis can be defined as ____________ across a semipermeable membrane.

A. active transport

B. the diffusion of water

C. the diffusion of nonpolar materials

D. the diffusion of a solute

B. the diffusion of water

____________ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

A. Fatty acids

B. Phospholipids

C. Triglycerides

D. Steroids

B. Phospholipids

Bulk transport via formation of vesicles or membrane-bound sacs is an example of _____________.

A. Active transport

B. Passive transport

A. Active transport

What is pinocytosis, or "cell drinking"? Select all that apply.

A. A subtype of active transport

B. An example of bulk transport via formation of vesicles or membrane sacs

C. An example of endocytosis

A. A subtype of active transport

B. An example of bulk transport via formation of vesicles or membrane sacs

C. An example of endocytosis

________________ is an example of a primary active transporter in the form of a pump that derives energy from hydrolysis of ATP. In the process moves various solutes against their concentration gradient

A. Facilitated diffusion of glucose

B. Sodium-Potassium ATPase Pump

B. Sodium-Potassium ATPase Pump

Water moves via osmosis ______________________.

A. from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration

B. from an area with a low concentration of water to higher concentration

C. from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one

A. from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration

Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane?

A. Double bonds in the fatty acid tail

B. A saturated fatty acid tail

C. The head

D. Cholesterol content

C. The head

Red blood cells placed in distilled water will __________________.

A. swell as water moves into the cells by osmosis

B. remain unchanged because of homeostatic mechanisms

C. shrink as sodium moves out of the cells by diffusion

D. shrink as proteins move out of the cell by diffusion

E. swell as water moves into the cells by active transport

A. swell as water moves into the cells by osmosis

Phagocytic white blood cells engulf and digest bacteria and cellular debris. Which organelle would be most involved in the digestion of the engulfed material?

A. Lysosomes

B. Golgi apparatus

C. Mitochondria

D. Ribosomes

E. Endoplasmic reticulum

A. Lysosomes

The smallest unit of life that demonstrates all the properties of life is a(n) ___________________.

A. Cell

B. Molecule

C. Organism

A. Cell

Protein synthesis takes place where? Select all that apply.

A. Mitochondria

B. Ribosome

C. Rough ER

B. Ribosome

C. Rough ER

Which statement is true of all prokaryotic cells?

A. They are unicellular.

B. They are multicellular.

C. They have membrane-bound organelles.

D. They have a nucleus.

A. They are unicellular.

Which cellular structures are common to all types of cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? Select all that apply.

A. DNA

B. Nucleolus

C. Plasma membrane

D. Cytoplasm

E. Ribosome

A. DNA

C. Plasma membrane

D. Cytoplasm

E. Ribosome

A nucleus is found in __________.

A. eukaryotic cells

B. neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic cells

C. prokaryotic cells

D. both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A. eukaryotic cells

Bacteria can exist as what?

A. A human cell

B. Only multicellular

C. Only unicellular

D. Unicellular or multicellular

C. Only unicellular

Structures common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic include what? Select all that apply.

A. Cytosol

B. Nucleoid

C. Cytoplasm

D. Plasma membrane

E. Nucleolus

A. Cytosol

C. Cytoplasm

D. Plasma membrane

What does "eu" mean?

A. Normal

B. Between

C. Before

D. Around

A. Normal

What does "pro" mean?

A. Around

B. After

C. Before

D. Between

C. Before

Which structure gives the human cell shape and protection?

A. Cytosol

B. Cell wall

C. Cytoskeleton

D. Cytoplasm

C. Cytoskeleton

What is the liquid part of the cytoplasm called?

A. Cytosol

B. Cytoplasm

C. Mitochondria

D. Cytokinesis

A. Cytosol

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A. Mitochondria

B. Ribosomes

C. Nucleolus

D. Cytoplasm

B. Ribosomes

The _________________ spans from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

A. cytosol

B. cytoplasm

C. ribosome

B. cytoplasm

What is the genetic material that controls an organism's composition?

A. Nucleolus

B. DNA

C. Cytosol

D. Nucleoid

B. DNA

What does "karyon" mean?

A. Before

B. Nucleus

C. After

D. Nucleoid

B. Nucleus

A microbiologist is examining an organism under the microscopic and notices that this particular organism has a nucleoid. The microbiologist correctly identifies this organism as what?

A. Bacteria

B. Pronucleus

C. A eukaryotic cell

D. A human cell

A. Bacteria

A microbiologist is examining a specimen under the microscope and notices that the cell contains a ribosome. What could this specimen be? Select all that apply.

A. Bacteria

B. A eukaryotic cell

C. Pronucleus

D. A human cell

A. Bacteria

B. A eukaryotic cell

D. A human cell

What is a feature unique to eukaryotic cells and not prokaryotic cells?

A. Ribosome

B. DNA

C. Unicellular

D. Multicellular

E. Nucleoid

D. Multicellular

True or false: Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport of large molecules (glucose, for example) requiring the aid of a carrier protein.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Which of the following is insoluble in water? Select all that apply.

A. Charged molecules such as Na+

B. Hydrophobic proteins

C. Carbohydrates

D. Small non-polar gases

B. Hydrophobic proteins

D. Small non-polar gases

Where are peripheral membrane proteins located? Select all that apply.

A. Span the bilayer of the membrane

B. In the outer layer of the membrane

C. In the inner layer of the membrane

D. Transmembrane

B. In the outer layer of the membrane

C. In the inner layer of the membrane

What type of membrane protein is the Na+/K+ ATPase pump considered?

A. Transatlantic

B. Peripheral

C. Enzyme

D. Transmembrane

D. Transmembrane

A catalyst is a molecule made of

A. proteins

B. glycoproteins

C. glycolipids

D. carbohydrates

A. proteins

All of the following are characteristics of passive transport except:

A. Substances move downhill, from high to low concentration, and require energy expenditure.

B. No energy expenditure is required.

C. Substances move down a concentration gradient.

D. Substances move from high to low concentration.

A. Substances move downhill, from high to low concentration, and require energy expenditure.

True/False: Exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide occurring in the lungs is an example of simple diffusion.

A. True

B. False

A. True

If a red blood cell (RBC) is placed in a hypotonic solution, the RBC will

A. swell up

B. shrink in size

A. swell up

Which term best describes the essential property of the phospholipid bilayer constituting the biochemical makeup of the plasma membrane?

A. It consists of a hydrophilic tail and a hydrophobic head.

B. It consists of a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head.

C. Both the tail and the head exhibit hydrophilic and hydrophobic property.

B. It consists of a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head.