7.8 APUSH AMSCO vocabulary

Modernism

A cultural movement during the early 1900's, people went against traditional ideals, promoted technology and the forms of expression that were different and unique to the current time.

Fundamentalism

a religious movement whose objectives were to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy where every word of the bible is interpreted literally.

Revivalists

An outburst of religious enthusiasm, fundamentalism, often prompted by the preaching of a charismatic Baptist or Methodist minister.

Billy Sunday

Radio evangelist, created crowds as he attacked drinking, gambling, and dancing

Aimee Semple McPherson

An evangelist preacher who condemned the evil of communism and jazz music from her pulpit in LA.

Scopes Trial

Debate between religious fundamentalists in the rural south and modernists of the northern cities. A teacher decided to teach Darwin’s theory - got arrested. Scopes was convicted, but the conviction was later overturned.

Clarence Darrow

A famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes, who supported evolution. He caused William Jennings Bryan to appear foolish when Darrow questioned Bryan about the Bible.

Volstead Act (1919)

U.S. law enacted in 1919 (and taking effect in 1920) to provide enforcement for the Eighteenth Amendment, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

Al Capone

An American gangster during the Roaring Twenties and the prohibition era. Known for smuggling and bootlegging liquor and the bribery of government figures and prostitution. He used some of his money to make donations to various charitable endeavors.

Organized crime

a business supplying illegal goods or services.

21st Amendment

Repeals the 18th Amendment and prohibits the transportation or importation into the United States of alcohol for delivery or use in violation of applicable laws.

Quota laws

newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota, which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1910.

Sacco and Vanzetti

two Italian immigrants convicted for a crime with very little evidence. guilty verdict reflected the anti-immigrant and anti-radical attitude of American citizens, being sentenced to death only because they were anarchists & of the Italian origin.

Birth of a Nation

The KKK attracted new members because of this popular silent film. Portrayed the KKK during Reconstruction as the heroes, and the White backlash to the race riots of 1919.

Suspected Communists

Many people suffered loss of employment and the destruction of their careers and livelihoods as a result of the crackdowns on suspected communists, and some were outright imprisoned.

Gertrude Stein

A writer who believed religion to be hypocritical in its condemning the sacrifices of wartime as a fraud perpetrated by money interests. Called writers of his decade the “lost generation”

Lost generation

a group of writers who were disillusioned with 1920s American society. The significant writers you need to know about are Sinclair Lewis and F. Scott Fitzgerald. In his novels Babbitt and Main Street, Lewis criticized the materialism, consumerism, and conformity of Roaring Twenties society.

F Scott Fitzgerald

Novelist. Expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture. Took to a life of drinking.

Ernest Hemingway

Novelist. Expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture. Took to a life of drinking.

Sinclair Lewis

Novelist. Expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture.

Ezra Pound

Poet. Expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture.

TS Eliot

Poet. Expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture. Expressed their unhappiness by moving into exile in Europe.

Eugene O’Neill

Playwriter. Expressed disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture. Expressed their unhappiness by moving into exile in Europe.

Edward Hopper

Painter that was inspire by the architecture of American cities to explore loneliness and isolation of urban life.

regional artists

Celebrated rural people and scenes of the heartland of America.

Grant Wood

A regional artist

George Gershwin

Jewish immigrants played a major role in the development of the American musical theatre. He blended jazz and and classical music.

Sigmund Freud

A psychiatrist who stressed the role of sexual repression in mental illness.

Margaret Sanger

Advocated for birth control, achieved growing acceptance in the 1920s.

Fashion

Flapper look for younger people. Wore shorter dresses and hair. Once married, they settled down as wives and mothers.

High school education

Universal. Became the goal. By the end of the 1920s, the proportion of high school graduates had doubled to over 25% of school age young adults

consumer culture

consumerism and consumer culture increased dramatically during the 20s (more ads, electric appliances)

Frederick Lewis Allen

editor of Harper's Bazaar and a historian, wrote Only Yesterday (informal history)

Only Yesterday

(1931) book by Frederick Lewis Allen; chronicles American life in '20s; Allen's popularity coincided with increased interest in history among the book-buying public of the 1920s and 1930s.

Migration from the south

Almost 20% of African Americans lived in the North. They still faced some discrimination, but found some improvement in their earnings.

Harlem Renaissance

Largest African American community. Became famous in the 1920s for concentration of talented actors, musicians, and writers.

Countee Cullen

Harlem poet. Commented on African American heritage, their poems expressed a range of emotions.

Langston Hughes

Harlem poet. Commented on African American heritage, their poems expressed a range of emotions.

James Weldon Johnson

Harlem poet. Commented on African American heritage, their poems expressed a range of emotions.

Claude McKay

Harlem poet. Commented on African American heritage, their poems expressed a range of emotions.

Duke Ellington

African American jazz musician.

Louis Armstrong

African American jazz musician.

Bessie Smith

Blues singer.

Paul Robeson

Multi talented singer and actor.

Back to Africa movement

Marcus Garvey made an organization for Black separtism, economic self-sufficiency, and thus.

Marcus Garvey

Jamaican political leader who was a staunch proponent of the Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements. Advocated for individual and racial pride for African Americans and developed political ideas of Black nationalism.

Black pride

African americans took pride and nationalism in their culture and heritage.

Warring Harding

Republican candidate and president. Was not a great leader.

Charles Evans Hughes

Harding appointed him (the former presidential candidate and supreme court justice) to be the secretary of state

Andrew Mellon

A Pittsburgh industrialist and millionaire who was the secretary of the treasury.

Fordney McCumber tariff act

Increase in tariff rates (1922)

Bureau of the budget

With procedures f or all government expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to review and vote on

Harry M Daugherty and Albert B Fall

Secretary of the Interior and Attorney General. Both were incompetent and dishonest.

Teapot dome

Fall had accepted bribes for granting oil leases near this place.

Calvin Coolidge

Harding’s vice president and successor. “Silent cal”

Herbert Hoover

Coolidge didn’t run for a second term, republicans turned to self-made millionaire and the secretary of commerce.

Alfred E smith

Democratic opponent to Herbert Hoover, the governor of NY.