fluid,electrolyte,acid-base part 1-2

Homeostasis

Substances that participate in chemical reactions must remain in narrow ranges of concentration, disruption of levels can affect multiple organs

Fluid balance

Amount of water gained each day is equal to the amount of water lost each day

Electrolyte balance

Amount of absorption into the digestive track is equal to the amount lost through the kidneys

Acid base balance

Production of hydrogen is offset by losses of hydrogen

Body water content

Fat=20% water

Muscle=75% water

Infants=73% water

Elderly= 45% water

Adult male=60%

Adult female=50%

Balance is for survival

We must maintain a normal volume and composition of our fluid compartments. Fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and pH balance are all interconnected.

Extracellular fluid

20% of body weight

Intercellular fluid

40% of body weight, compartment that holds the most fluid

Differences between men and women are determined by fat content.

Movement between compartments includes:

Diffusion, osmosis, and carrier mediated transport

Nonelectrolytes

Have covalent bonds that do not dissociate in solution. Most are organics- glucose, lipids, creatine, urea

Electrolytes

Dissociate into ions

-inorganic salts, acids/bases, and some proteins

Electrolytes have more osmotic power because they dissociate into more particles.

Edema

Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space (extracellular)

Caused by events that speed up the flow of fluid out of blood or hinder its return

Incompetent venous valves, blood vessel blockage, congestive heart failure, high blood volume, blocked lymphatics

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and permeability