Fatty Acid Oxidation

Stage of fatty acid degradation occurring in adipose tissues

Mobilization

Stage of fatty acid degradation needed to transport fatty acids into mitochondria

Activation

What do fatty acids get broken down into in the degradation step of FA oxidation

Acetyl CoA

What do hormones activate in FA mobilization 

Perilipin A 

How is the glycerol released from triglycerides incorporated into glycolytic pathways

Glycerol gets converted into GAP which can be used 

Steps from Fatty acids to form acyl-CoA

Fatty Acid + ATP → Acyl adenylate + HS-CoA → Acyl CoA + AMP + H+

What is needed for long FA chains to cross membrane into mitochondria

Carnitine

Four steps of Beta-oxidation

Oxidation, hydration, oxidation, cleavage

What enzyme catalyzes the first oxidation reaction of Beta-oxidation

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

What enzyme catalyzes the hydration reaction of Beta-oxidation

Enoyl CoA hydratase

What enzyme catalyzes the second oxidation reaction of Beta-oxidation

L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase

What enzyme catalyzes the cleavage reaction of Beta-oxidation

Beta-ketothiolase

What occurs during first oxidation reaction of beta-oxidation

double bond is formed

What occurs during hydration reaction of beta-oxidation

Hydroxyl group is introduced

What occurs during second oxidation reaction of beta-oxidation

hydroxyl group is converted into a keto group

What occurs during cleavage reaction of beta-oxidation

molecule is cleaved into acetyl CoA and fatty acyl-CoA

How many ATP made per NADH produced in FA oxidation

2.5

NADH produced compared to number of turns in FA oxidation

NADH produced = # of turns

How many ATP made per FADH2 produced in FA oxidation

1.5

FADH2 produced compared to number of turns in FA oxidation

FADH2 produced = # of turns

How many ATP produced per acetyl CoA made in FA oxidation

10

Number of Acetyl CoA produced compared to number of turns in FA oxidation

Acetyl CoA produced = #carbons/2

What is produced in FA oxidation of odd number of carbons

One acetyl CoA molecule and a propionyl-CoA molecule

Three compounds named ketone bodies

Acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone