APWH Unit 3

Gunpowder empires

States that expanded using firearms and cannons

Ottoman Empire

Gunpowder empire that used bureaucracy, Janissaries, and Islam to rule

Janissaries

Elite Ottoman soldiers trained with firearms

Devshirme system

Ottoman practice of recruiting Christian boys for state service

Safavid Empire

Persian empire that promoted Shia Islam

Mughal Empire

Indian empire known for religious tolerance under Akbar

Akbar

Mughal ruler who allowed religious freedom

Qing Dynasty

Manchu-ruled Chinese dynasty that adopted Confucian governance

Divine Right of Kings

Belief that monarchs received authority directly from God

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement challenging Catholic Church authority

Martin Luther

Reformer who wrote the 95 Theses

Printing press

Technology that spread religious and political ideas rapidly

Sikhism

Religion combining elements of Hinduism and Islam