Studied by 4 people
IQ
characteristic that is heritable
90
height and weight are _____% heritable
similar
siblings are often ______ in terms of height and weight
easy, difficult
we often describe children's early temperament as ______ or ______ to socialize
less
Richard was _______ extroverted than Roland
easy
Richard and his sister were ________ to socialize
internal locus of control
belief that your behavior influences your results
internal
is external or internal locus of control healthier?
similar
Richard and Roland were ________ in terms of internal locus of control
heritability quotient
an estimate of the proportion of variability in a given characteristic that can be attributed to genetic differences between people
more
if you are a twin, you are _______ likely to have twins
200, 300
to generate a heritability quotient, you need _______ or ______ people
50
fraternal twins share _______% of genes
siblings
the percentage of genes shared by fraternal twins is similar to that of ________
100
identical twins shared _______% of genes
2, 20
____% of all birth are twins and _____% of these are identical twins
same-sex
in natural experiments, we must use _- twins for fraternal twins
more
for personality traits, identical twins are _____ similar than fraternal twins
r
symbol for correlation
0.20
significant correlation
0.25
for E, the average difference of correlation between MZ twins and DZ twins is ______
50, genes
approximately ____% of extraversion is accounted for by _______
Big 5
there is 50% of heritability among the ______ _____ traits
similar, influence
even for identical twins who were raised apart, there is a _______ correlation, so the environment doesn't have a lot of ________
0.03
shared environment only accounts for _______% of variance
2
locus of control is in the level _____ of the personality model
no
for locus of control, genetic factors have almost _______ effect
similar, environment
MZ twins and DZ twins that grew up together have a _______ correlation, showing the big impact of the __________
2-5
shared environment accounts for only -___% of variance
shared environment
influences that operate to make family members similar
non-shared environment
influences that operate to make family members different
examples of non-shared environment
friendship groups, birth order
20
for the variance in personality traits, the measurement error accounts for ______%
25
non-shared environment accounts for _____% of variance in personality traits
personality
the friendship groups we chose are determined by our ________
genetic
extreme negative environments and abusive/neglectful parenting overwhelms _______ predispositions children may have
N, C
bad parenting can cause children to be more _____, erratic, and low ______
no
is there evidence for positive parenting?
higher
regarding birth order, the first born have _______ IQs
profiles
the birth order is unrelated to the Myers-Briggs test _______
firstborns
are more conservative, high achieving, conscientious
laterborns
are more agreeable, rebellious, open to new ideas, sense of humor
no
there is ______ reliable big 5 trait differences related to birth order
N
_____ tends to be stable over years
increases
exposure to stressful life events ________ N
same
exposure to stressful life events had the ______ effect on MZ and DZ twins, proving the non-influence of genes
evocation
mechanism when you behave extroverted and thus make friends, which then reinforces your extraversion
role selection
mechanism when you chose a social role which then reinforces your tendencies
Note
Flashcard