Untitled Flashcards Set

What philosophy did Epicurus advocate for achieving a tranquil life?

Epicureanism, which promotes modest living, intellectual pursuits, and limiting desires.

What are the two types of pleasures distinguished by Epicurus?

Higher pleasures (intellectual) and lower pleasures (sensory).

What is the key belief of Stoicism regarding emotion?

That emotions arise from errors in judgment and a wise person aligns with nature and accepts fate.

Who founded Stoicism?

Zeno of Citium.

What is the significance of Marcus Aurelius' work 'Meditations'?

It serves as a guide to personal ethics and self-improvement.

What did Isocrates emphasize in his approach to rhetoric?

The importance of education and moral character.

What were the Attic Orators known for?

Their eloquence and impact on legal and political discourse in ancient Greece.

What is one of the main themes in Isocrates’ work?

Virtue, education, moral character, and public service.

What method did Socrates develop to stimulate critical thinking?

The Socratic method, which involves asking and answering questions.

What major philosophical themes are explored in Plato's dialogues?

Moral integrity, the nature of virtue, and the theory of recollection.

What is the Doctrine of the Forms in Plato's philosophy?

The idea that non-material abstract forms are the true reality, with the physical world being a mere shadow.

What concept did Aristotle use to describe the essence of a thing?

Substance (ousia).

What is the Unmoved Mover in Aristotle's philosophy?

The explanation of a primary cause for motion and existence, which itself is unchanging.

What are the Four Causes in Aristotle's framework?

Material, formal, efficient, and final causes.

What type of learning environment did Aristotle foster at the Lyceum?

An interactive learning environment through the Peripatetic method of walking and discussing ideas.