Studied by 111 people
Burr/Hamilton Feud
A bitter personal and political rivalry between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton, culminating in their infamous duel in 1804, resulting in Hamilton’s death
Midnight judges
Federal judges appointed by John Adams during his last night in Office
Marbudy V. Madison (1803)
Landmark Supreme Court case establishing the principle of judicial review
Judicial review
Power of the courts to review and potentially invalidate government actions that they seem unconstitutional
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801-1835), instrumental in shaping American constitutional law through decisions that strengthened federal power
Fletcher V. Peck
Supreme Court case affirming the sanctity of contracts and establishing the principle that state laws can be invalidated if they violate U.S Constitution
Dartmouth College V. Woodward (1819)
Supreme Court case protecting private contracts from state interference and upholding the sanctity of corporate charters
McCulloch V. Maryland (1819)
Landmark Supreme Court Case affirming the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States and establishing the supreme of federal law over state law.
Gibbons V. Ogden (1824)
Supreme Court case clarifying the federal Government’s exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce
Right of deposit
Access rights to use certain ports for trade
Lusiana purchase
Acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803
Lewis and Clark
Expedition (1804-1806) led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the newly acquired western territories.
Barbary Piratres
North American pirates who demanded tribute from American ships in the Mediterranean, leading to the First Barbary War.
Impressments
British practice of forcefully recruiting American sailors into the Royal Navy of the British
Chesapeake-Leopard Incident
1807 naval confrontation highlighting impressment tensions, contributing to the strained U.S and British relations
Embargo act of 1807
U.S Law prohibiting trade with foreign nations
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
Lifted the embargo but continued trade restrictions with Britain and France
Macon’s Bill #2
Reopened trade but reimposed of non-intercourse with Britain or France if either ceased violating neutral rights.
Election of 1808
James Madison’s election as the fourth President of the United States, succeeding Thomas Jefferson.
Tecumseh
Shawnee chief who sought to unite Native American tribes against U,S expansion
The Prophet
Techumseh’s brother and religious leader
William Henry Harrison
Governor and military leader, defeated Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811
Warhawks
U.S Politicians advocating for war with Britain
War of 1812
Conflict between the U.S and Britain, marked by territorial disputes and maritime issues
U.S.S. Constitution
U.S Navy frigate famous for its victories in the War of 1812
Fort McHenry
U.S fort successfully defended during the Battle of Baltimore in 1814
Francis scott Key
Wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner” During the Battle of Baltimore
Treaty of Ghent “Restoration of Status Quo”
1814 treaty ending the War of 1812, essentially restoring pre-war conditions and resolving none of the issues that led to the conflict
Hartford Convention and New England
A meeting of New England Federalists in 1814-1815 to discuss their grievances during the War of 1812, contributing to the decline of the Federalist Party.
Andrew Jackson
U.S military leader and seventh President
Battle of New Orleans
Final battle of the War of 1812, ocurring after the Treaty of Ghent was signed
Election of 1816
James Monroe’s election as the fifth President of the United States
Seminole indians
Native American tribe in the southeastern U.S who were involved in conflicts with the U.S during the early 19th century.
Adam-Onis Treaty
1819 agreement where Spain ceded Florida to the U.S in exchange for settling border disputes
Monroe Doctrine:
1823 U.S policy stating that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of the independent nations of the Americas, and the U.S would not interfere in European affairs.
Tarrff of 1816
Protective tariff supporting American industries against foreign competition.
Abolitionists:
Advocates for slavery abolition.
Missouri Compromise
1820 agreement balancing slave and free states. Using 36’30 parallel for future territories.
Erie Canal
1825 waterway linking Great Lakes to Hudson River
Robert Fulton
Steamboat innovator
Clermont
Fulton’s successful steam-powered vessel
Samuel Slater
Father of the American industrial Revolution, copied British textile machinery
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts advocate.
Lowell’s Girls
Female factory workers in Lowell, Massachusetts, during the 19th century textile industry
American System
Economic plan with a national bank, tariffs, and internal improvements
Henry Clay
Senator supporting the American System and the Missouri Compromise.
Election of 1824
Controversial presidential election with no majoirty, resolved through a political deal
The Deal/Favorite Son Election
Agreement leading to John Quincy Adams becoming ppresident in 1824
Republicans/Democrats
Political factions that evolved in to the modern Democratic and republican parties
Rachel Donnellson Robards jackson
Wife of andrew Jackson, who faced controversy and criticism due to the circumstances of their marrige
“To the Victor Goes to the Spoils”
Principle of rewarding political supporters with government positions
Spoils/Rotation System
Practice of appointing loyalists to public offices
Tariff of 1828
Controversial tariff raising duties on importing goods
South Carolina Exposition & Protests of 1828
State opposition to the tariff, asserting the right to nullify federal laws
doctrine of nullification
Belief that states can reject federal laws
Webster-Hayne Debates 1830
Senate debate over states’ rights and nullification
“The Toast” by Jackson
toast by Andrew Jackson, “Our Federal Union, it must be preserved!”
Indian Relocation Act of 1830:
Legislation leading to the forced removal of native American tribes to the West.
Oklahoma Territory
Area designated for Native American resettlement
Fived Civilized Trives
Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chooctaw, Creek, and Seminole
Worcester V. Georgian (1832):
Supreme Court case supporting Native American sovereignty
Trail of Tears
Forced removal of Native Americans, particularly the Cherokee, resulting in many deaths
Martin Van Buren
Eighth president of the Unteid States (1837-1831), successor to Andrew Jackson
Kitchen Cabinet
Informal group of advisers to president Jackson, contrasted with the official Cabinet
Margret “Peggy” O’Neale Timberlake and the Petticoat Affair
Social and political controversies surrounding Jackson’s Secretary of War’s wife, Peggy Eaton.
“King Veto”
Name for Andrew Jackson due to his aggressive use of the presidential Veto
Election of 1832
Presidential election resulting in Jackson’s re-election
2nd Bank of the U.S
Federal institution for regulating currency, opposed by Jackson
Nicholas Biddle:
President of the Bank during the Biddle Battle
Biddle Battle/bank Veto:
Jackson’s conflict with the bank and his veto of its recharter
Pet Banks
State banks receiving federal deposits after Jackson withdrew them from the national bank.
Whig Party
Political party opposing Jackson and his Policies
Specie Circular
Jackson’s executive order requiring payment of government land in gold or silver
Election of 1836
Martin Van Buren’s presidential victory
Panic of 1837
Economic depression during Van Buren’s presidency
Independent Treasury Act/Sub-Treasuries
Van Buren’s system to manage government funds independently
Election of 1840/”Tippecanoe and Tyler Too?”
William Henry Harrison’s presidential victory, with “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” as a slogan
Stephen Austin
Led American Colonization in Texas
Santa Anna
Mexican General during the Texas Revolution
Alamo
Site of a famous Texas battle during the Texas Revolution
“Remembering the Alamo”
Slogan symbolizing Texas Resistance
Famous Deaths (Texas Revolution)
Including Davy Crockett and Jum Bowie at the Alamo
Battle of San Jacinto River
Decisive Texan victory in 1836, securing Texas independence
Republic of Texas
Independent nation before joining the U.S
The Annexation of Texas
Becoming a U.S State in 1845
Election of 1840
William Henry Harrison’s election as President
Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842
Treaty resolving U.S-Canadian border disputes
Election of 1844
James K. Polk victory in election
James K. Polk
President committed to territorial expansion
“54 40 or fight!”
Slogan for U.S expansionist goals
49th Parallel
U.S-Canadian border, established by the Oregon Treaty
Mexican-American War 1846-1848/”Shed American Blood on Americal Soil!”
Conflict over disputing territory, including the slogan emphasizing U.S Outrage
General Zachary Taylor (Old Rough and Ready)
Military leader in the Mexican-American War, later the 12th President
John C. Fremont and the Bear Flag Republic
Californian Rebellion against Mexican Rule
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the Mexican-American War, ceding territories
Mexican cession
Land acquiring by the U.S from Mexico
Wilmont Proviso
Proposal to ban slavery in newly acquired territories
Election of 1848
Zachary Taylor’s election as President
Popular Sovereignty
Idea that residents decide on slavery in their territory
Free Soil Party
Opposed to the expansion of slavery into new territories
Note 
Flashcard (21)