addies civil rights written notes

Land in first two decades of the 1900s

hundreds of families terrorized off land, loss of generational wealth

The 2nd great migration

1.5 million black residents flee the south

Why was the montgomery bus boycott a success

first event that inspired solidarity in the Black community

Montgomery Bus Boycott skepticism

did nothing for socio-economic divide, segregation remained in all other areas

Pros of bussing (bussing debate 1970s)

correct white flight, improve race relations (psychological study)

Cons of bussing (bussing debate 1970s)

takes away resources from underfunded district, could lead to more white flight, could increase racial tensions

Green v County School Board (1968)

requires school district that aware still largely segregated to use bussing as means to correct/integrate school

Nation of islam

heavily political religious organization, believed in black separation - islam as a way to black redemption

Black Panther achievements and degree of success

Their achievements included: setting up health clinics and advice with legal rights as well as the 1st free breakfast program serving 1700 meals weekly to the youth of the ghettos. Also exposed police brutality, citing the 2nd amendment to the constitution that gave blacks the right to bear arms. However, the party failed because they were not persuasive or effective for change. They also scared America and capitalism with their ideas of socialism

Radialization of SNCC - stokely carmichael coined the phrase “black power” and heavily echoed Malcom X’s black nationalism philosophy

Hernandez v Texas (1954)

scotus decided Hispanic Americans can not be prohibited from serving on juries in Texas

Mendez v Westminster (1946)

CA schools were bin unofficially segregated - violating Plessay - forcing CA to integrate public schools

(League of latin american citizens) LULAC

founded 1929, hispanic civil rights org, did school/jury cases, combatted discrimination

Reies Lopez Tijerina

one fo 4 horsemen of movement, taught youth about the treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo, fight to reclaim ownership of Mexico's land

Rodolfo “corky” Gonzales

nonviolent advocate for Hispanic rights, founded Crusade for Justice, wrote “I am joaquin”

Ruben Salazar

reporter and columnist for LA times, only real voice for Hispanic-American CRM in the mainstream media

UFW (united farm workers)

organization formed to dismantle the pracaero program and gain legal protection for the union through collective bargaining

La raza unida

political party formed in texas in 1970, goal of electing hispanic americans to all levels of government

Brown Beret

militant youth based organization modeled on black panthers for Hispanisc americans, staged walkouts

Hart-Cellar act of 1965

established modern immigration laws, replacing the quota system with prioritizing family relationships and skilled workers (seen as an extension of the other civil rights laws being passed)

New left

liberal democratic party with dedication towards civil rights

The port huron statement (1962)

founding document of new left, raised issues on slow progress of civil rights, threat of nuclear war, modern world, purposelessness, university systems

What solutions did the port huron statement propose?

Political life should be based on consensus, driven by young people, start on college campuses, solving social problem

UC Berkeley Free Speech Movement

administration banned protests and literature, protests, students get back rights to have tables on campus in 1965

The new left in White America

speech by gregory calvert - defining how revolutionary thought develops and functions, white middle class college students have become working class due to technology; the movement must be intellectual but also understandable

Protests against vietnam war

burning draft cards, teach-ins on college campuses, massive rallies and protests in chicago

The Young People of Canada

Canada’s youth culture group, had an ally in Prime minister Pierre Trudeau, overlaps with many other tissues, Canadian government works with counterculture

The president’s commission on the Status of Women

studied workplace discrimination, social pressure, pay gap, recommended paid maternity leave, legislation that deals directly with equality for women, changing economic laws surrounding inheritance, retirement, etc

Griswold v Connecticut (1965)

doctor prescribed contraceptives to married couple, scotus decides in favor of griswold - invasion of privacy

Massachusetts v Baird (1972)

campuses distributed contraceptives to unmarried persons, scotus implements right to privacy again

Middle class feminism

middle class women unsatisfied with suburban housewife life, NOW

Radical Feminism

staged protests for visibility, formed rap sessions

Separatists

pushed for separate communities based on differences between sexes

Structuralists

see feminism as threat to traditional role of women in society (phyllis Schafley)

Lesbian Feminists

free from male domination, decriminalize homosexualtiy

Revalorists

look back at history and recognize the constant contributions of women to society

Womanists

mainly african american women, focused on how race and gender intersect

Ecofeminist

argued human domination of earth in other expression of male dominated culture and oppressing women

Voices of Women

canadian group of women who focus on peace issues

Women’s legal and educational fund

defended rights supposedly guaranteed in the constitution

Canadian success for feminism

1969 - birth control removed from criminal code, charter of rights and freedoms 1982 (major changes in canadian law guaranteeing basic rights to all canadians)

Central issue of canadian feminism

over-sexaulization of women

Indian citizen act of 1924

conferred all responsibilities and some rights on natives regardless of it was wanted to nor

Indian reorganization act of 1934

encouraged the recovery of cultural heritage, promoted tribal self-government, tribes had to adopt to US style constitution

Reasons for emergence of the movement indigenous peoples

life expectancy, unemployment, suicide, infant mortality, dawes Act (stripped native peoples of 66% of their land), assimilation

American indian Chicago Conference 1961

hunderets on findings from dozens of tribes met and drafted a statement demanding the right to retain spittal and cultural values and denounce assimilation

Occupation of Alcatraz

protesters put up sign, offer us $24 worth of beads and cloth for property, compares alcatraz to reservations

Trail of broken treaties (washington dc oct 1972)

caravan from california to DC, design to draw attention to us policies, produced 20 point proposal, aim to abolish the BIA and give more power to indians

Wounded knee, march 1973

AIM activists seize wounded knee, 71 day standoff with federal agents, two native people seized

Indian CHild welfare act of 1978

gave tribal courts jurisdiction over adoption cases

American indian religious freedom act

recognized indigenous ceremonies

Santa clara v martinez

scotus rules curs cannot interfere with tribal enrollment

US v Wheeler

Scotus says tribes can deal with offenders how the please

First peoples of Canada

canadian native peoples, very similar legislation to canada

Residential schools

assimilation of Native Canadians, adopted by whites

Differences between Canada and US residential schools

higher death rate in canada, sexual abuse in canada

Truth and reconciliation council

2008 government council initiated to investigate and attempt to heal history of residential schools

Mowatt v clarke (1988)

government and church found liable for sexual abuse of 1988

Aboriginal healing foundation

1990s - government program to aid communities affected by residential schools