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Goth
Conquered Western Roman Empire and the influence of Romans declines.
Goths
First Germanic tribes that sacked Rome in 410 AD
Gothic Architecture
style that reacted against the classic’ hence it was called barbaric, a name comparable to the works of the barbarian Goths.
Gothic Architecture
emerged from Romanesque and paved the way to the Renaissance.
NEW GOTHIC (NEO-GOTHIC)
21st Century; Contemporary art movement: darkness and horror.
“Goth,” “emo,” “punk”
French Work
Gothic Architecture was originally referred to as “——”
Opus Francigenum
French Work means
Giorgio Vasari
The term Gothic was coined by the Italian art historian and architect _________________?
Suger
Who was a French abbot, statesman, and historian who was widely credited with creating the style as an expression of the growing power of the monarch.
Suger
He rebuilt the Basilica of Saint-Denis, originally a Romanesque, in the Gothic style to be the royal burial place.
convenience
The Plans of Gothic Architecture was arranged for ___________ rather than symmetry.
horizontal
The Walls of Gothic Architecture
a.) rubble masonry not laid in ------course
small
The Walls of Gothic Architecture
b.) materials were in ----- pieces
stained glass
The Walls of Gothic Architecture
c.) walls were no longer load-bearing which contributed to the intervention of --------
flying buttresses
The Walls of Gothic Architecture
d.) projecting vertical ----- abut the walls
recessed; pointed arches.
The Openings of Gothic Architecture
a.) doors and windows were ----and spanned by -------
stained glass
The Openings of Gothic Architecture
b.) windows were of enormous size for the display of -----
The architecture of light
The Openings of Gothic Architecture
c.) Gothic architecture is sometimes called —-
vertical mullions; horizontal transoms
The Openings of Gothic Architecture
d.) windows were divided by ------ and ------
Pointed Arches
Done for more light for churches as light associated with God
Pier & flying buttress
Supported the weight of walls and & ceilings (vaults)
Tracery
What is an ornamental stonework on the upper part of a gothic window?
divine
Every element of a Gothic cathedral has meaning. Even the effect of light pouring through the stained glass was not simply decorative but meant to convey and heighten a sense of the ---- pouring in from above.
Plate Tracery and Bar Tracery
2 Types of Tracery
Plate Tracery
What tracery uses thick areas of stone to separate glazed areas. The window may look as if it had been filled in with stone, then small openings cut through for the glass.
Bar Tracery
What tracery is composed of thin stone elements rather than thick ones and give a more delicate effect.
Spires
The Roofs of Gothic Architecture
a.) towers were crowned with ----- and are predominant features which accentuate the verticality of the design, suggesting an aspiration to heaven.
Vaulting
The Roofs of Gothic Architecture
b.) ----- was developed by means of the pointed arch with ribs.
Open timber
The Roofs of Gothic Architecture
c.) what type of roofs?
Structurally
The Columns of Gothic Architecture
a.) were used ----- and classical proportions were not observed
Clustered
The Columns of Gothic Architecture
b.) ---- columns with eclectic neoclassical decorative motifs
• Sturdy craftsmanship
• Boldly-executed
Characteristics of Gothic Ornaments:
• Mediaeval mysticism
• Christian subjects
• Statues
Concepts of Gothic Ornaments:
Grotesques or Chimeras
Gothic Ornament that is ornamental in function only.
Gargoyles
functional waterspouts and believed to scare off evil spirits
Pinnacle
what do you call a small spire
L’architecture Ogivale
Ogivale System
Reference to pointed arch.
Flache
Slender spire rising from a roof
Chevet
Apse having a surrounding ambulatory (chapels)
Ogivale System
○ Vaulting framework
○ Intersecting pointed arch ribs
Lady Chapel
A type of chevet dedicated to the Virgin Mary
Chantry Chapel
A type of chevet dedicated in memory of persons or donors
Primaire / Lancette
Pointed arches with tracery and geometric patterns
Secondaire / Rayonnant
Circular windows with wheel tracery
Tertiare / Flamboyant
Florid and flame like window tracery
Basilica of Saint-Denis
● Formerly an abbey
● 1st monumental masterpiece Gothic Style
● By Abbot Suger
● To show the growing power of the monarch
Sens Cathedral
● More gothic style
● Unusually wide nave & larger than Saint-Denis
Albi Cathedral
● Fortress church
● Largest brick building in the world
Notre Dame Cathedral
● By Bishop Maurice de Sully and restored by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
● Introduced flying butresses so there are higher walls and larger windows
● 700 years old
Amiens Cathedral
● Renowned for quality and quantity
● Modern technology to recreate the polychromatic appearance (original colours on the facade)
Beauvais Cathedral
● Most daring achievement of Gothic architecture
● Highest nave in Europe
● 3 tiers of flying buttresses
Bourges Cathedral
● Absence of transepts
● Double flying buttresses
● Proportions
Chartres Cathedra
● Marks high point of French Gothic art
● Interpretation of the Bible (stone made bible) or Book for the poor
● Has most complete collected of medieval stained glas in the world (152/186 original windows)
● Blue Virgin Window
Reims Cathedral
● Coronation church
● Unequal sculptural adornment
● 2303 statues that adorn interior and exterior walls
● Double flying buttressess
● Facade is the finest portion (one of the greatest masterpieces in Medieval Archi)
● Smiling Angel of Reims
La Sainte Chapelle
● Royal chapel of French Kings
● Windows have luminous filigree effect (delicate ornament tracery)
● Stained glass collection
● Christendom - The “True Cross” of Christ, the “Crown of Thorns” and other relics connected to the actual passion of Christ
Rouen Cathedral
● Highest spire in France
Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes
● Based on Le Sainte-Chapelle
Fortified Town - Le Mont Saint Michel
● Tangled
● Roman headquarters
● Medieval Benedictine Abbey
● 500 years to build
Town Hall, Compiegne
● Tracerted parapet and central tower
Chateau Gaillard
● By Richard the Lionheart ● Complex and advance design
Chateau d’ Amboise
French royal court
● Late Gothic Flamboyant style
● Chapel of Saint Hubert in this castle is the burial place of Leonardo da Vinci
Chapel of Saint Hubert
burial place of Leonardo da Vinci
Norman Gothic
○ Semi circular arched window
Transitional Gothic
Pointed arches replacing the round
Early English gothic / lancet / first pointed style
○ Long, pointed narrow window
Decorated / Second pointed, Decorated or Curvilinear
○ Fanciful window tracery
Decorated geometry
■ Window has several lights surmounted by circle
Decorated curvilinear
Flowing tracery leaf and dagger shapes and foils
Perpendicular Gothic / 3rd Pointed / Rectilinear
Strong vertical lines
Tudor Gothic / Late perpendicular
○ Shallow pointed arch ○ Plainer Renaissance style
Elizabithan Gothic
○ No more pointed arch ○ Windows with vertical mullions and horizontal transoms
Oriel Window
Projects from the wall of the upper floor (portruding outward)
Quadripartite Ribbed Vault
Tiercerons or intermediate uprising ribs that support other ribs
Formerets
■ Walls ribs ■ Ploughshare twist
Stellar Vaulting
Produce star-shape pattern using Lierne ribs (short intermediate ribs)
Boss
■ Projecting ornament
■ Where ribs connect/meet
Perpendicular Vaulting
○ Fan / Palm / Conoidal Vaultin
Tudor Vaulting
○ Tudor Arch (shallower pointed arch) ○ Fan vaulting
Pendant
■ Sculptured ornament / elongated boss
Exeter Cathedral
● Decorated gothic Cathedral
● “Par excellence”
● Nave has the longest unbroken cathedral ceiling
Romanesque
Canterbury Cathedral was first ——- then re built in gothic archi
Gloucester Cathedral
● Harry Potter
● Norman Romanesque and perpendicular gothic
● Cloister fan vaulting
Hereford Cathedral
● Library of chained books
● Mappa Mundi (13th century map of the world
King’s College Chapel (Cambridge Uni)
● World’s largest fan vault and stained glass window
● Perpendicular gothic style
Lichfield Cathedral
● Gaint Sculpture gallery ● 3 spires dedicated to St. Chad and St. Mary
Salisbury Cathedral
● Tallest Spire during its period and in the UK today
● Contains the world’s oldest working clock
Wells Cathedral
● First English cathedral to be built in full gothic style (as other cathedrals were just renovated)
● Finest statuary collection
● Scissor arches (for support)
Westminster Abbey Cathedral
● Coronation and burial site for British monarchs
● Could be the official church of monarchy
● Henry VII Chapel is an extension with fan vaulted pendant
Winchester Cathedral
● Longest gothic cathedral
York Minister
● One of the largest in Northern Eupore
● Octagonal chapter house ceiling
MANOR HOUSES
● Wealthy trading families ● Hampton Cour
Antwerp Cathedral
● Lacework in stone
● Late Flamboyant-Gothic
● Tallest spire
Turnae Cathedral
● Romanesque nave and transept
● Black marble
St. John’s Hertogenbosch
● Rare, pure, Brabantine flamboyant Gothic
St. Rumbold’s Cathedral
● 514 steps to the top of tower
Town Hall, Bruges
● Late Gothic style
● Has 6 gothic windows and 48 niches for statues
Town Hall, Leuven
● Lacelike detail exterior
● Saints, dukes, historical figures, statues at exterior deco
Town Hall, Brussels
● Gothic, Brabantine style
● St. Michael Arch Angel on top
City Hall of Gouda
● Cheese!
● Oldest and most impressive Gothic building in Netherlands
Cloth Hall, Ypres
● Commerical building for cloth
● Medieval trade city