HOA 2 GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

Goth

Conquered Western Roman Empire and the influence of Romans declines.

Goths

First Germanic tribes that sacked Rome in 410 AD

Gothic Architecture

style that reacted against the classic’ hence it was called barbaric, a name comparable to the works of the barbarian Goths.

Gothic Architecture

emerged from Romanesque and paved the way to the Renaissance.

NEW GOTHIC (NEO-GOTHIC)

21st Century; Contemporary art movement: darkness and horror.
“Goth,” “emo,” “punk”

French Work

Gothic Architecture was originally referred to as “——”

Opus Francigenum

French Work means

Giorgio Vasari

The term Gothic was coined by the Italian art historian and architect _________________?

Suger

Who was a French abbot, statesman, and historian who was widely credited with creating the style as an expression of the growing power of the monarch.

Suger

He rebuilt the Basilica of Saint-Denis, originally a Romanesque, in the Gothic style to be the royal burial place.

convenience

The Plans of Gothic Architecture was arranged for ___________ rather than symmetry.

horizontal

The Walls of Gothic Architecture

a.) rubble masonry not laid in ------course

small

The Walls of Gothic Architecture

b.) materials were in ----- pieces

stained glass

The Walls of Gothic Architecture

c.) walls were no longer load-bearing which contributed to the intervention of --------

flying buttresses

The Walls of Gothic Architecture

d.) projecting vertical ----- abut the walls

recessed; pointed arches.

The Openings of Gothic Architecture

a.) doors and windows were ----and spanned by -------

stained glass

The Openings of Gothic Architecture

b.) windows were of enormous size for the display of -----

The architecture of light

The Openings of Gothic Architecture

c.) Gothic architecture is sometimes called —-

vertical mullions; horizontal transoms

The Openings of Gothic Architecture

d.) windows were divided by ------ and ------

Pointed Arches

Done for more light for churches as light associated with God

Pier & flying buttress

Supported the weight of walls and & ceilings (vaults)

Tracery

What is an ornamental stonework on the upper part of a gothic window?

divine

Every element of a Gothic cathedral has meaning. Even the effect of light pouring through the stained glass was not simply decorative but meant to convey and heighten a sense of the ---- pouring in from above.

Plate Tracery and Bar Tracery

2 Types of Tracery

Plate Tracery

What tracery uses thick areas of stone to separate glazed areas. The window may look as if it had been filled in with stone, then small openings cut through for the glass.

Bar Tracery

What tracery is composed of thin stone elements rather than thick ones and give a more delicate effect.

Spires

The Roofs of Gothic Architecture

a.) towers were crowned with ----- and are predominant features which accentuate the verticality of the design, suggesting an aspiration to heaven.

Vaulting

The Roofs of Gothic Architecture

b.) ----- was developed by means of the pointed arch with ribs.

Open timber

The Roofs of Gothic Architecture

c.) what type of roofs?

Structurally

The Columns of Gothic Architecture

a.) were used ----- and classical proportions were not observed

Clustered

The Columns of Gothic Architecture

b.) ---- columns with eclectic neoclassical decorative motifs

• Sturdy craftsmanship
• Boldly-executed

Characteristics of Gothic Ornaments:

• Mediaeval mysticism
• Christian subjects
• Statues

Concepts of Gothic Ornaments:

Grotesques or Chimeras

Gothic Ornament that is ornamental in function only.

Gargoyles

functional waterspouts and believed to scare off evil spirits

Pinnacle

what do you call a small spire

L’architecture Ogivale

Ogivale System
Reference to pointed arch.

Flache

Slender spire rising from a roof

Chevet

Apse having a surrounding ambulatory (chapels)

Ogivale System

○ Vaulting framework
○ Intersecting pointed arch ribs

Lady Chapel

A type of chevet dedicated to the Virgin Mary

Chantry Chapel

A type of chevet dedicated in memory of persons or donors

Primaire / Lancette

Pointed arches with tracery and geometric patterns

Secondaire / Rayonnant

Circular windows with wheel tracery

Tertiare / Flamboyant

Florid and flame like window tracery

Basilica of Saint-Denis

● Formerly an abbey
● 1st monumental masterpiece Gothic Style
● By Abbot Suger
● To show the growing power of the monarch

Sens Cathedral

● More gothic style
● Unusually wide nave & larger than Saint-Denis

Albi Cathedral

● Fortress church
● Largest brick building in the world

Notre Dame Cathedral

● By Bishop Maurice de Sully and restored by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
● Introduced flying butresses so there are higher walls and larger windows
● 700 years old

Amiens Cathedral

● Renowned for quality and quantity
● Modern technology to recreate the polychromatic appearance (original colours on the facade)

Beauvais Cathedral

● Most daring achievement of Gothic architecture
● Highest nave in Europe
● 3 tiers of flying buttresses

Bourges Cathedral

● Absence of transepts
● Double flying buttresses
● Proportions

Chartres Cathedra

● Marks high point of French Gothic art
● Interpretation of the Bible (stone made bible) or Book for the poor
● Has most complete collected of medieval stained glas in the world (152/186 original windows)
● Blue Virgin Window

Reims Cathedral

● Coronation church
● Unequal sculptural adornment
● 2303 statues that adorn interior and exterior walls
● Double flying buttressess
● Facade is the finest portion (one of the greatest masterpieces in Medieval Archi)
● Smiling Angel of Reims

La Sainte Chapelle

● Royal chapel of French Kings
● Windows have luminous filigree effect (delicate ornament tracery)
● Stained glass collection
● Christendom - The “True Cross” of Christ, the “Crown of Thorns” and other relics connected to the actual passion of Christ

Rouen Cathedral

● Highest spire in France

Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes

● Based on Le Sainte-Chapelle

Fortified Town - Le Mont Saint Michel

● Tangled
● Roman headquarters
● Medieval Benedictine Abbey

● 500 years to build

Town Hall, Compiegne

● Tracerted parapet and central tower

Chateau Gaillard

● By Richard the Lionheart ● Complex and advance design

Chateau d’ Amboise

French royal court
● Late Gothic Flamboyant style
● Chapel of Saint Hubert in this castle is the burial place of Leonardo da Vinci

Chapel of Saint Hubert

burial place of Leonardo da Vinci

Norman Gothic

○ Semi circular arched window

Transitional Gothic

Pointed arches replacing the round

Early English gothic / lancet / first pointed style

○ Long, pointed narrow window

Decorated / Second pointed, Decorated or Curvilinear

○ Fanciful window tracery

Decorated geometry

■ Window has several lights surmounted by circle

Decorated curvilinear

Flowing tracery leaf and dagger shapes and foils

Perpendicular Gothic / 3rd Pointed / Rectilinear

Strong vertical lines

Tudor Gothic / Late perpendicular

○ Shallow pointed arch ○ Plainer Renaissance style

Elizabithan Gothic

○ No more pointed arch ○ Windows with vertical mullions and horizontal transoms

Oriel Window

Projects from the wall of the upper floor (portruding outward)

Quadripartite Ribbed Vault

Tiercerons or intermediate uprising ribs that support other ribs

Formerets

■ Walls ribs ■ Ploughshare twist

Stellar Vaulting

Produce star-shape pattern using Lierne ribs (short intermediate ribs)

Boss

■ Projecting ornament
■ Where ribs connect/meet

Perpendicular Vaulting

○ Fan / Palm / Conoidal Vaultin

Tudor Vaulting

○ Tudor Arch (shallower pointed arch) ○ Fan vaulting

Pendant

■ Sculptured ornament / elongated boss

Exeter Cathedral

● Decorated gothic Cathedral
● “Par excellence”
● Nave has the longest unbroken cathedral ceiling

Romanesque

Canterbury Cathedral was first ——- then re built in gothic archi

Gloucester Cathedral

● Harry Potter
● Norman Romanesque and perpendicular gothic
● Cloister fan vaulting

Hereford Cathedral

● Library of chained books
● Mappa Mundi (13th century map of the world

King’s College Chapel (Cambridge Uni)

● World’s largest fan vault and stained glass window
● Perpendicular gothic style

Lichfield Cathedral

● Gaint Sculpture gallery ● 3 spires dedicated to St. Chad and St. Mary

Salisbury Cathedral

● Tallest Spire during its period and in the UK today
● Contains the world’s oldest working clock

Wells Cathedral

● First English cathedral to be built in full gothic style (as other cathedrals were just renovated)
● Finest statuary collection
● Scissor arches (for support)

Westminster Abbey Cathedral

● Coronation and burial site for British monarchs
● Could be the official church of monarchy
● Henry VII Chapel is an extension with fan vaulted pendant

Winchester Cathedral

● Longest gothic cathedral

York Minister

● One of the largest in Northern Eupore
● Octagonal chapter house ceiling

MANOR HOUSES

● Wealthy trading families ● Hampton Cour

Antwerp Cathedral

● Lacework in stone
● Late Flamboyant-Gothic
● Tallest spire

Turnae Cathedral

● Romanesque nave and transept
● Black marble

St. John’s Hertogenbosch

● Rare, pure, Brabantine flamboyant Gothic

St. Rumbold’s Cathedral

● 514 steps to the top of tower

Town Hall, Bruges

● Late Gothic style
● Has 6 gothic windows and 48 niches for statues

Town Hall, Leuven

● Lacelike detail exterior
● Saints, dukes, historical figures, statues at exterior deco

Town Hall, Brussels

● Gothic, Brabantine style
● St. Michael Arch Angel on top

City Hall of Gouda

● Cheese!
● Oldest and most impressive Gothic building in Netherlands

Cloth Hall, Ypres

● Commerical building for cloth
● Medieval trade city