Hypersensitivity Reactions and Hematologic Conditions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to hypersensitivity reactions and hematologic conditions that are important for understanding the material.

Types of hypersensitivity reactions

There are four types: Type I, II, III, IV.

Type I hypersensitivity

An immediate, IgE-mediated allergic reaction.

Cells involved in Type I hypersensitivity

Mast cells.

Key mediator in Type I hypersensitivity

Histamine.

Effects of histamine release

Vasodilation leading to hypotension.

Type III hypersensitivity

An immune complex-mediated reaction involving antigen-antibody complexes.

Example of Type III hypersensitivity

Strep throat leading to glomerulonephritis.

Type IV hypersensitivity

A T-cell mediated response that is not antibody mediated.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) primarily affects

Children.

Common symptoms of ALL

Long bone pain, recurrent infections, fever, and bruising.

Chromosomal abnormality in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Philadelphia chromosome.

Cause of the Philadelphia chromosome

Translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.

Fusion gene created in CML

BCR-ABL.

Symptoms associated with BCR-ABL fusion gene

Fatigue, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and night sweats.

Key bone findings in multiple myeloma

Bone destruction, demineralization, "punched-out" lesions, and fractures.

Metabolic complication of multiple myeloma

Hypercalcemia.

Protein found in urine in multiple myeloma

Bence Jones protein.

Organ damage caused by Bence Jones protein

Kidneys resulting in renal insufficiency.

Possible tumor locations in multiple myeloma

Liver, spleen, and kidneys.

Hairy cell leukemia is associated with

Granulocytes, decreased platelets, and decreased RBCs.

Difference between autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplant

Autologous uses the patient's own cells; allogeneic uses donor cells.

Cause of transfusion reactions

Recipient antibodies destroy donor RBCs.

Do red blood cells have cytoplasmic organelles?

No.

Lab findings in iron deficiency anemia

Low MCHC, low MCH, low MCV.

Most common form of anemia

Iron deficiency anemia.

How is carbon dioxide transported in blood?

As bicarbonate ion.

Lab value that detects excessive RBC destruction

Bilirubin.

Organ that produces erythropoietin (EPO)

Kidneys.

Erythropoietin stimulates

Red blood cell production.

Importance of iron

Necessary for red blood cell production.

Aplastic anemia leads to

Pancytopenia.

Cause of pernicious anemia

Lack of intrinsic factor.

When does G6PD deficiency anemia occur?

Exposure to certain drugs.