AMT Ultimate Flashcards (Full Master Set)

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts in physics and aerodynamics for revision.

Boyle’s Law

Pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature.

Charles’s Law

Volume changes directly with temperature.

Dalton’s Law

Total pressure is the sum of partial pressures.

Partial Pressure

Pressure of an individual gas in a mixture.

Pascal’s Law

Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally.

Force Formula from Pascal’s Law

Force = Pressure × Area.

Bernoulli’s Principle

As fluid velocity increases, pressure decreases.

Archimedes’ Principle

Buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid.

Sound Measurement Unit

Decibels.

Speed of Sound Factors

Affected by temperature.

Mach Number

Ratio of aircraft speed to speed of sound.

Mach 1

Speed of sound.

Subsonic Flight

Below Mach 0.75.

Transonic Speed

Mach 0.75–1.2.

Supersonic Speed

Mach 1.2–5.

Hypersonic Speed

Above Mach 5.

Shock Wave

Compression wave at speed of sound.

Resonance

Objects vibrating at natural frequency.

Danger of Resonance

Can cause structural failure.

BTU

778 ft-lb of work.

Types of Heat Transfer

Conduction, convection, radiation.

Insulator

Material that slows heat transfer.

Celsius Freezing/Boiling Points

0°C / 100°C.

Fahrenheit Freezing/Boiling Points

32°F / 212°F.

Kelvin

Absolute temperature scale.

Rankine

Absolute Fahrenheit scale.

Four Forces of Flight

Lift, weight, thrust, drag.

Wingtip Vortices

Spiraling air from wing tips.

Induced Drag

Drag caused by lift.

Parasite Drag

Drag from aircraft shape.

Types of Parasite Drag

Form, skin friction, interference.

Angle of Attack

Angle between chord line and airflow.

Camber

Curvature of airfoil.

Chord Line

Line from leading to trailing edge.

Relative Wind

Airflow opposite direction of flight.

Center of Gravity

Balance point of aircraft.

Center of Pressure

Point where lift acts.

Stability

Ability to return to equilibrium.

Static Stability

Initial tendency to return.

Dynamic Stability

Long-term return behavior.

Longitudinal Stability

Stability around lateral axis.

Dihedral

Upward angle of wings.

Dutch Roll

Oscillation in yaw/roll.

Yaw Damper

Reduces Dutch roll.

Three Axes of Aircraft

Longitudinal, lateral, vertical.

Roll Axis

Longitudinal.

Pitch Axis

Lateral.

Yaw Axis

Vertical.

Gyroscopic Precession

Force applied appears 90° later.

Translating Tendency

Helicopter drift due to tail rotor.

Retreating Blade Stall

Lift loss on retreating rotor blade.

Disc Loading

Weight ÷ rotor area.

Critical Mach

Speed where airflow reaches Mach 1 locally.

Shock-induced Separation

Airflow separates due to shock.

Vortex Generator

Device that delays airflow separation.

Diffuser

Slows air and increases pressure.

Aerodynamic Heating

Heat from high-speed friction.

Ailerons

Control roll.

Elevator

Controls pitch.

Rudder

Controls yaw.

Flaps

Increase lift at low speed.

Slats

Delay stall.

Spoilers

Reduce lift / increase drag.

Trim Tabs

Reduce control pressure.

Density Altitude

Altitude corrected for temperature and pressure.

Standard Atmosphere

Baseline atmospheric conditions.