micro ch. 16 pearson

What is innate immunity?

It provides increased susceptibility to disease.

It involves T cells and B cells.

It is nonspecific and present at birth.

It involves a memory component.

It is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.

It is nonspecific and present at birth.

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

inflammation.

production of interferon.

activation of complement.

phagocytosis.

production of antibody.

production of antibody.

The main function of the "ciliary escalator" is to:

Remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract

Propel inhaled dust and microorganisms away from the mouth, toward the lower respiratory tract

Trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract

Trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract

Remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract

Trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

keratin and tightly packed cells – skin

lysozyme – tears and saliva

mucociliary escalator – intestines

very acidic pH – stomach

cerumen and sebum – ear

mucociliary escalator – intestines

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

True

False

True

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

erythrocytes

macrophages

eosinophils

basophils

neutrophils

macrophages

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

monocytes

neutrophils

lymphocytes

eosinophils

basophils

monocytes

If one is examining a blood smear from a patient with a parasitic worm infection, which of the following leukocytes would be found in increased numbers?

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Eosinophils

Basophils

Eosinophils

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

formation of phagolysosomes.

biofilms.

leukocidins.

capsules.

M protein.

formation of phagolysosomes.

Lysozyme and penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial ________.

cell membrane

ribosomes

capsule

cell wall

DNA

cell wall

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

kinins.

prostaglandins.

lysozymes.

leukotrienes.

histamine.

lysozymes

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin, and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Acidic skin secretions

Phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Lysozyme

Normal skin flora

Mucociliary escalator

Phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

fever.

pain.

vasodilation.

redness.

swelling.

fever.

Which of the following is mismatched?

scab – dried blood clot over injured tissue

abscess – a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus

chemotaxis – chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

diapedesis – movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue

pus – tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid

chemotaxis – chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

What is the first step that occurs during inflammation?

Margination

Vasodilation

Diapedesis

Phagocyte migration

Repair

Vasodilation

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and permeability of the capillary veins.

True

False

True

A body chill is a sign of which of the following?

The metabolic rate is decreasing

Body temperature is rising

Blood vessels are dilating

Body temperature is falling

Body temperature is not changing

Body temperature is rising

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

factors released from damaged tissues.

C5-C9.

lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3.

factors released from phagocytes.

antigen-antibody reactions.

antigen-antibody reactions.

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

saliva.

multiple layers of cells.

HCl.

tears.

the "ciliary escalator."

HCl