Muscles A&P

Quiz Monday |-| Test Wednesday

Movement

Fundamental characteristic of all living things

Shortening

Muscle cells are capable of

Mechanical Energy

Muscle cells convert chemical energy of ATP into

Shorten muscles by pulling on Actin

Mechanical energy is used to

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Types of Skeletal Muscle tissue

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

ONLY voluntary muscle tissue

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Warm up, Strength, Endurance, Fatigue

Excitable & irritable

Characteristics of muscles

plasma membrane

Muscles Responds to chemical signals, stretch and electrical changes across the

Action Potential

Local electrical change in muscles triggers an

Action Potential

wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber

Contractility

Shortens when stimulated

Extension

Capable of being stretched

Elasticity

Returns to its original resting length after being stretched

Polarized

Plasma membrane is _________ or charged 

Na+ & K+

Resting membrane potential due to ____ outside of cell and ____ and anions inside of cell

Resting membrane potential

difference in charge across the membrane=

ion gates

Stimulation opens ___ _______ in membrane

into, out

ion gates open: Na+ rushes ____ cell and K+ rushes ___ of cell

Action Potential

quick up-and-down voltage shift

Action potential

Potential which spreads over cell surface 

Voluntary

Muscles Under conscious control

involuntary

Muscles under unconscious control

Somatic nervous system

Voluntary muscle is in

Autonomic nervous system

Involuntary muscle is in

Autorhythmic

able to generate rhythmic electrical signals (APs) with pacemaker cells

nervous system

Autorhythmic works without

Cardiac Muscle

Straited is only in which muscle type

Dark band

More protein makes a

Striations

alternating light and dark transverse bands

internal contractile proteins

Striations Reflects overlapping arrangement of

Striations

What Indicates the tissue has sarcomeres and parallel myofilaments

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Modified smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Calcium

What triggers the shortening portion of muscle contraction

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

What stores calcium

Skeletal Muscle

What muscle type ONLY has chemical synapses

Gap junctions

electrical synapses due to connected cytoplasm

Intercalated discs of cardiac muscle

Gap junctions are found in

Intercalated discs are ONLY found in what muscle type

Cardiac Muscle

Thick

Myosin

Thin

Actin

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones

Skeletal Muscle

what MUSCLE TYPE has Long muscle fibers ( Myofibers ) as long as 30 cm

Myofibers

Long muscle fibers

Myofibrils

Myofibers contain

Myofilaments

Myofibrils are made of

thin & thick filaments

Myofilaments are

Smooth ER

Sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle

each myofibril

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (in SKELETAL MUSCLE) has a network around

Calcium

(SKELETAL MUSCLE) dilated end-sacs (terminal cisternae) store

Multinucleate

Multiple flattened nuclei inside cell membrane

Baby muscle cells

Myoblasts

Myoblasts

Multinucleate: fusion of multiple ________ during development

satellite cells

In Multinucleate: unfused ________ _____ nearby can multiply to produce a small number of new myofibers

Sarcolemma & electrical

___________          has tunnel-like infoldings or transverse (T) tubules that penetrate the cell and carry    ____________   current to cell interior

Myofibrils, glycogen, myoglobin

Sarcoplasm is filled with

Stores for energy

Glycogen does what in Skeletal Muscle

binding of oxygen

Myoglobin does what in Skeletal Muscle

Glycogen

How we store glucose

Myofibrils

Shortens muscle

Myoglobin

Takes oxygen into cell for ATP

extracellular fluid

Transverse tubercles in Skeletal muscle are filled with

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary, autorhythmic, striated muscle in walls of heart

Cardiac Muscle

Thick cells shaped like a log with uneven, notched ends and 1-2 nuclei

intercalated discs

Cardiac Muscle are linked to each other at

electrical gap junctions

intercalated discs have _______ ___ __________ allow cells to stimulate their neighbors

pulling apart

desmosomes keep the cells from

Extracellular

Sarcoplasmic reticulum less developed but large T tubules admit Ca⁺² from  _____________ fluid

Fibrosis

In cardiac Muscle Damaged cells repaired by

aerobic

Cardiac muscle uses _______ respiration nearly exclusively

Large Mitochondria

WHAT in cardiac muscle makes it resistant to fatigue, but very vulnerable to interruptions in oxygen supply

Smooth Muscle

Small, involuntary, fusiform cells with one nucleus

Striations or sarcomeres

Smooth Muscle does NOT have

Smooth Muscle

thin filaments attach to dense bodies scattered throughout sarcoplasm and on sarcolemma

thin filaments

___ _________ attach to dense bodies scattered throughout sarcoplasm and on sarcolemma

Extra Cellular Fluid

In Smooth Muscle: Very little SR and no T tubules: Ca²⁺ for contraction comes from

autonomic

Nerve supply in Smooth Muscle is

autonomic

releases either ACh or norepinephrine

Single-unit (Visceral) & Multiunit

Types of Smooth Muscle

Single-unit (Visceral) smooth muscle

Electrically coupled by gap junctions

Single-unit (Visceral) smooth muscle

large number of cells contract as a unit

Single-unit (Visceral) smooth muscle

In most blood vessels and viscera as circular and longitudinal muscle layers

Multiunit

Each has axon terminal and neuron

ACh

Somatic NS always releases

myocytes

In Multiunit: terminal nerve branches synapse on individual

independent contraction

Multiunit has

Multiunit Location

largest arteries, iris, pulmonary air passages, arrector pili muscles

Nerve stimulation

Involuntary and can contracts with or without

Smooth Muscle

Which muscle controlls how much blood flows into an area

skeletal Muscle

ACh from somatic neuron triggers ________ _______ to move

Triggers of NO nerve stimulation movement

hormones, CO₂, low pH, stretch, O₂ deficiency

Pacemaker Cells

What cells in GI tract are autorhythmic

Autonomic nerve fibers

Nerve stimulation fibers

synaptic vesicles

Beadlike swellings (varicosities) contain

Nerve stimulation

Stimulate multiple myocytes

extracellular

Calcium triggering contraction is

voltage, hormones, NT or cell stretching

calcium channels triggered to open by

Calmodulin

Calcium ions bind to/ regulate

Smooth Muscle

Calmodulin is ONLY in

light-chain myokinase

Calcium channels activate