Chapter 14: Digestive System and Body Metabolism

Medical Terminology; Chapter 14

abdominocentesis [ăb-DŎM-ĭ-nō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs] {abdominocentesis}:

Incision into the abdomen to remove fluid or relieve pressure.

absorption [ăb-SŎRP-shŭn] {absorción}:

Passing of nutrients into the bloodstream.

achalasia [ăk-ă-LĀ-zē-ă] {acalasia}:

Inability of a muscle, particularly the cardiac sphincter, to relax.

achlorhydria [ā-klōr-HĪ-drē-ă] {aclorhidria}:

Lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

alimentary [ăl-ĭ-MĔN-tĕr-ē] canal {canal alimentario}:

Muscular tube from the mouth to the anus; digestive tract; gastrointestinal tract.

amino [ă-MĒ-nō] acid {aminoácido}:

Chemical compound that results from digestion of complex proteins.

amylase [ĂM-ĭl-ās] {amilasa}:

Enzyme that is part of pancreatic juice and saliva and that begins the digestion of carbohydrates.

an/o

anus

anal [Ā-năl] canal {canal del ano}:

Part of the digestive tract extending from the rectum to the anus.

anal fistula [Ā-năl FĬS-tyū-lă] {fístula anal}:

Small opening in the anal canal through which waste matter can leak into the abdominal cavity.

anal fistulectomy [Ā-năl fĭs-tyū-LĔK-tō-mē] {fistulectomía anal}:

Removal of an anal fistula.

anastomosis (pl., anastomoses) [ă-năs-tō-MŌ-sĭs (ă-năs-tō-MŌ-sēz)] {anastomosis}:

Surgical connection of two blood vessels to allow blood flow between them; surgical union of two hollow structures.

ankyloglossia [ĂNG-kĭ-lō-GLŎS-ē-ă] {anquiloglosia}:

Condition of the tongue being partially or completely attached to the bottom of the mouth.

anorexia nervosa [ăn-ō-RĔK-sē-ă nĕr-VŌ-să] {anorexia}:

Eating disorder with extreme weight loss.

antacid [ănt-ĂS-ĭd] {antiácido}:

Agent that neutralizes stomach acid.

antidiarrheal [ĂN-tē-dī-ă-RĒ-ăl] {antidiarréico}:

Agent that controls loose, watery stools.

antiemetic [ĂN-tē-ĕ-MĔT-ĭk] {antiemético}:

Agent that prevents vomiting.

antispasmodic [ĂN-tē-spăz-MŎD-ĭk] {antiespasmódico}:

Pharmacological agent that relieves spasms; also decreases frequency of urination; agent that controls intestinal tract spasms.

anus [Ā-nŭs] {ano}:

Place at which feces exit the body.

aphagia [ă-FĀ-jē-ă] {afagia}:

Inability to swallow.

append/o

appendic/o

appendix

appendage [ă-PĔN-dĭj] {apéndice}:

Any body part (inside or outside) either subordinate to a larger part or having no specific central function.

appendectomy [ăp-pĕn-DĔK-tō-mē] {apendicectomía}:

Removal of the appendix.

appendicitis [ă-pĕn-dĭ-SĪ-tĭs] {Apendicitis}:

Inflammation of the appendix.

appendix [ă-PĔN-dĭks] {apéndice}:

Wormlike appendage to the cecum.

ascites [ă-SĪ-tēz] {ascitis}:

Fluid buildup in the abdominal and peritoneal cavities.

bil/o

bili/o

/

bile [bīl] {bilis}:

Yellowish-brown to greenish fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in fat digestion.

bilirubin [bĭl-ĭ-RŪ-bĭn] {bilirrubina}:

Substance produced in the liver; elevated levels may indicate liver disease or hepatitis when found in urine; pigment contained in bile.

Billroth [BĬLL-rŏth] I {procedimientos quirúrgicos Billroth I y II}:

Excision of the pylorus.

Billroth II:

Resection of the pylorus with the stomach.

body {cuerpo}:

Middle portion of the uterus; middle section of the stomach.

bowel [bŏw-l] {intestino}:

Intestine.

bucc/o

/

bulimia [bū-LĒM-ē-ă] {bulimia}:

Eating disorder with bingeing and purging.

cec/o

/

cecum [SĒ-kŭm] {ciego}:

Pouch at the top of the large intestine connected to the bottom of the ileum.

celi/o

/

cheeks {carrillos}:

Walls of the oral cavity.

cheilitis [kī-LĪ-tĭs] {queilitis}:

Inflammation of the lips.

cheiloplasty [KĪ-lō-plăs-tē] {queilosplastia}:

Repair of the lips.

chol/e

cholo

/

cholangi/o

/

cholangiography [kō-lăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē] {colangiografía}:

X-ray of the bile ducts.

cholangitis [kō-lăn-JĪ-tĭs] {colangitis}:

Inflammation of the bile ducts.

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

cholecystectomy [KŌ-lē-sĭs-TĔK-tō-mē] {colecistectomía}:

Removal of the gallbladder.

cholecystitis [KŌ-lē-sĭs-TĪ-tĭs] {colecistitis}:

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

cholecystography [kō-lē-sĭs-TŎG-ră-fē] {colecistografía}:

X-ray of the gallbladder.

choledoch/o

/

choledocholithotomy [kō-LĔD-ō-kō-lĭ-THŎT-ō-mē] {coledocolitotomía}:

Removal of stones from the common bile duct.

cholelithiasis [KŌ-lē-lĭ-THĪ-ă-sĭs] {colelitiasis}:

Gallstones in the gallbladder.

cholelithotomy [KŌ-lē-lĭ-THŎT-ō-mē] {colelitotomía}:

Removal of gallstones.

cholelithotripsy [kō-lē-LĬTH-ō-trĭp-sē] {colelitotricia}:

Breaking up or crushing of stones in the body, especially gallstones.

chyme [kīm] {quimo}:

Semisolid mass of partially digested food and gastric juices that passes from the stomach to the small intestine.

cirrhosis [sĭr-RŌ-sĭs] {cirrosis}:

Liver disease, often caused by alcoholism.

col/o

colon/o

colon

colectomy [kō-LĔK-tō-mē] {colectomía}:

Removal of the colon.

colic [KŎL-ĭk] {cólico}:

Gastrointestinal distress, especially of infants.

colitis [kō-LĪ-tĭs] {colitis}:

Inflammation of the colon.

colon [KŌ-lŏn] {colon}:

Major portion of the large intestine.

colonoscopy [kō-lŏn-ŎS-kō-pē] {Colonoscopía}:

Examination of the colon using an endoscope.

colostomy [kō-LŎS-tō-mē] {colostomía}:

Creation of an opening from the colon into the abdominal wall.

constipation [kŏn-stĭ-PĀ-shŭn] {constipación}:

Difficult or infrequent defecation.

Crohn [krōn] disease {enfermedad de Crohn}:

Type of irritable bowel disease with no ulcers.

defecation [dĕ-fĕ-KĀ-shŭn] {defecación}:

Release of feces from the anus.

deglutition [dē-glū-TĬSH-ŭn] {deglución}:

Swallowing.

diarrhea [dī-ă-RĒ-ă] {diarrea}:

Loose, watery stool.

digestion [dī-JĔS-chŭn] {Digestión}:

Conversion of food into nutrients for the body and into waste products for release from the body.

diverticula [dī-vĕr-TĬK-yū-lă] {divertículos}:

Small pouches in the intestinal walls.

diverticulectomy [dī-vĕr-tĭk-ū-LĔK-tō-mē] {diverticulectomía}:

Removal of diverticula.

diverticulitis [DĪ-vĕr-tĭk-yū-LĪ-tĭs] {diverticulitis}:

Inflammation of the diverticula.

diverticulosis [DĪ-vĕr-tĭk-yū-LŌ-sĭs] {diverticulosis}:

Condition in which diverticula trap food or bacteria.

duoden/o

duodenum

duodenal [DŪ-ō-DĒ-năl] ulcers {úlceras duodenales}:

Ulcer in the duodenum.

duodenum [dū-ō-DĒ-nŭm] {duodeno}:

Top part of the small intestine where chyme mixes with bile, pancreatic juices, and intestinal juice to continue the digestive process.

dysentery [DĬS-ĕn-tĕr-ē] {disentería}:

Irritation of the intestinal tract with loose stools.

dyspepsia [dĭs-PĔP-sē-ă] {dispepsia}:

Indigestion.

dysphagia [dĭs-FĀ-jē-ă] {disfagia}:

Difficulty in swallowing.

elimination [ē-lĭm-ĭ-NĀ-shŭn] {eliminación}:

The conversion of waste material from a liquid to a semisolid and removal of that material via defecation.

emesis [ĕ-MĒ-sĭs] {emesis}:

Backward flow from the normal direction.

emetic

/

emulsification [ĕ-MŬL-sĭ-fĭ-KĀ-shŭn] {emulsificación}:

Breaking down of fats.

enter/o

intestine

enteritis [ĕn-tĕr-Ī-tĭs] {enteritis}:

Inflammation of the small intestine.

enzyme [ĔN-zīm] {enzima}:

Protein that causes chemical changes in substances in the digestive tract.

epiglottis [ĕp-ĭ-GLŎT-ĭs] {epiglotis}:

Cartilaginous flap that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway; movable flap of tissue that covers the trachea.

eructation [ē-rŭk-TĀ-shŭn] {eructación Eructo}:

Belching.

esophag/o

esophagus

esophagitis [ĕ-sŏf-ă-JĪ-tĭs] {esofagitis}:

Inflammation of the esophagus.

esophagoplasty [ĕ-SŎF-ă-gō-plăs-tē] {esofagoplastía}:

Repair of the esophagus.

esophagoscopy [ĕ-sŏf-ă-GŎS-kō-pē] {esofagoscopía}:

Examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope.

esophagus [ĕ-SŎF-ă-gŭs] {esófago}:

Part of alimentary canal from the pharynx to the stomach.

fatty acid {ácido graso}:

Acid derived from fat during the digestive process.

feces [FĒ-sēz] {heces}:

Semisolid waste that moves through the large intestine to the anus, where it is released from the body.

fistula [FĬS-tyū-lă] {Fístula}:

Abnormal opening in tissue.

flatulence [FLĂT-yū-lĕns] {flatulencia}:

Gas in the stomach or intestines.

flatus [FLĀ-tŭs] {flato}:

Gas in the lower intestinal tract that can be released through the anus.

frenulum [FRĔN-yū-lŭm] {frenillo}:

Mucous membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

fundus [FŬN-dŭs] {fondo}:

Top portion of the uterus; upper portion of the stomach.