eim chap 13

monocyte

mononuclear white blood cell formed in lymph tissue; it is a phagocyte and the precursor of a macrophage

platelet

thrombocyte or cell fragment that helps blood clot

hematopoietic stem cell

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells

lymphocyte

mononuclear leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies

eosinophil

leukocyte with dense, reddish granules having an affinity for red acidic dye; associated with allergic reactions

erythrocyte

red blood cell

neutrophil

leukocyte (polymorphonuclear granulocyte) formed in the bone marrow; granules do not stain intensely and have a pale color

basophil

leukocyte (granulocyte) with dark-staining blue granules; releases histamine and heparin

coagulation

blood clotting

granulocyte

white blood cell with numerous, cytoplasmic granules (neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil)

mononuclear

pertaining to a leukocyte with a single round nucleus; monocytes and lymphocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

polymorphonuclear

pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil

globulin

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

erythroblast

immature red blood cell

megakaryocyte

large platelet precursor (forerunner) cell found in bone marrow

macrophage

monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces; phagocyte that engulfs foreign material and ingests red blood cells

hemoglobin

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in erythrocytes

plasma

liquid portion of blood

myeloblast

immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

bilirubin

orange-yellow pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

fibrinogen

plasma protein converted to fibrin in clotting process

erythropoietin

hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells

antigen

hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells

albumin

protein in blood that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

antibody

specific protein produced by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood

heparin

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

serum

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

differentiation

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

colony-stimulating factor

protein that stimulates growth of developing blood cells

4 types of plasma proteins

albumin

globulins

fibrinogen

prothrombin

Rh factor

an antigen normally found on red blood cells

hemolysis

destruction or breakdown of red blood cells

A person with type A blood has

A antigens and anti-B antibodies in blood

A person with type B blood has

B antigens and ani-A antibodies in blood

A person with type O blood has

NO A or B antigens but has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in blood

A person with type AB blood has

A and B antigens but has NO anti-A and anti-B in blood

Can you transfuse blood from a type A donor into a type B recipient? Why or Why not?

No. A antigens will react with the anti-A antibodies in the type B recipient's bloodstream

Can you transfuse blood from a type AB donor into a type O recipient? Why or why not?

No. A and B antigens will react with the anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the type O recipient's bloodstream

immunoglobulin

protein with antibody activity; IgG, IgH, IgE

plasmapheresis

removal by centrifuge of plasma from withdrawn blood

Why is a person with type O blood the universal donor?

type O blood does not contain A or B antigens and therefore will not react with antibodies in any recipient's blood

anticoagulant substance found in liver cells, blood, and tissues

heparin

protein thread that forms the basis of a blood clot

fibrin

plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process

prothrombin

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

serum

drug given to patients to prevent formation of clots

warfarin (coumadin)

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

fibrinogen

process of clotting

coagulation

enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin

thrombin

anticoagulant

a substance that prevents clotting

hemoglobinopathy

disease (abnormality) of hemoglobin

cytology

study of cells

leukopenia

deficiency of white blood cells

morphology

study of the shape or form (of cells)

cell with a large (mega-) nucleus (kary); platelet precursor

megakaryocyte

sideropenia

deficiency of iron

cell that eats or swallows other cells

phagocyte

formation of the bone marrow

myelopoiesis

separation of platelets from the rest of the blood

plateletpheresis

monoblast

immature monocyte

abnormal (ineffective) production of myeloid cells in bone marrow

myelodysplasia

myeloid progenitor cells

give rise to erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets

hemostasis

controlling or stopping the flow of blood

thrombolytic (therapy)

pertaining to treatment using drugs to destroy clots

hematopoiesis

formation of blood cells

myeloid

derived in bone marrow

neutropenia

deficiency of a type of neutrophils

hematocrit

percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

increase in a type of white blood cell (seen in allergies)

eosinophilia

thrombosis

abnormal condition of clot formation

leukapheresis

separation of white blood cells from a blood sample

coagulopathy

disease of clotting process

deficiency of platelets

thrombocytopenia

poikilocytosis

any irregularity in the shape of red blood cells

hemoglobin

oxygen-containing protein in red blood cells

formation of red blood cells

erythropoiesis

anemia

deficiency in numbers of red blood cells

hypochromic

pertaining to reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

anisocytosis

variation in size of red blood cells

spherocytosis

abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally biconcave-shaped, red blood cells

microcytosis

increase in number of small red blood cells

polycythemia vera

general increase in numbers of red blood cells; erythremia

macrocytosis

increase in numbers of large red blood cells

separation of blood so that the percentage of red blood cells in relation to the volume of a blood sample is measured

hematocrit

lack of iron leading to insufficient hemoglobin production

iron deficiency anemia

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

pernicious anemia

intrinsic factor

missing in gastric juice, so B12 is not absorbed

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

sickle cell anemia

failure of blood cell production in bone marrow

aplastic anemia

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

thalassemia

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin (cause may be deficiency of platelets)

purpura

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood (eosinophilia and basophilia)

granulocytosis

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors

hemophilia

excessive iron deposits throughout the body

hemochromatosis

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

multiple myeloma

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

mononucleosis

relapse

Symptoms of the disease return

remission

Symptoms of the disease disappear

palliative

Relieving but not curing

Bence Jones protein

Immunoglobulin fragment found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma