Political Parties

Federalists (c.1789–1816)

Supported a strong national government, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, and were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams.

Democratic-Republicans (c.1792–1820s)

Favored states’ rights, a strict interpretation of the Constitution, and were led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

Democratic-Republicans (1800–1824)

The dominant party during the early 1800s that later split due to internal disagreements.

Democratic Party (1828–present)

Formed around Andrew Jackson, supported the “common man,” states’ rights, and limited federal power.

Whig Party (c.1833–1856)

Opposed Andrew Jackson, supported a strong Congress, economic development, and internal improvements.

Democratic Party (1840s–1877)

Supported states’ rights and was strongest in the South during the Civil War era.

Republican Party (1854–present)

Opposed the expansion of slavery and supported free labor and a stronger federal government.

Whig Party (decline 1850–1856)

Declined and collapsed due to sectional conflict over slavery.