anatomy and physiology root words

af, afferen

to bring towards or carry inwards

amphiathrosis etymology

amphi means both sides/ around

arthro means joint or articulation

synarthrosis etymology

syn means together/with

arthrosis means joint/articulation

word example w/ af, afferen

afferent neurons - nerve cells that transmit sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system

arrect

to raise up, lift, or set upright

word w/ arrect in it 

arrector pili - small muscles attached to hair follicles that cause hairs to stand up

arthrosis

general term involving joint conditions, involving wear and tear, specifically in the osteoarthritis form

word w/ arthrosis

hemarthrosis - presence of blood within a joint, leading to symptoms like swelling, pain, stiffness, and warmth

articulus

joint, knuckle, segment

word with articulus

disarticulation - the act of separating at a joint, for example, the disarticulation of a limb

bursa

small fluid-filled sac in the body that reduces friction between moving parts like tendon or bone

word w/ bursa

bursitis - inflammation of a bursa leading to pain and restricted joint movement

condylos

knuckle, joint, rounded prominence at the end of a bone that helps form a joint

word with condylos

epicondyle - a projection above a condyle where muscles attach, like the epicondyle of the humerus

costa

rib/side

word w/ costa

intercostal - situated between the ribs

coxa

hip joint/hip

word w/ coxa

coxalgia - pain in the hip joint

fontanelle

space between the bones of the skull un an infant/fetus where ossification is not complete and sutures are not yet fully formed - main one between parietal and frontal bones

hyaline

having a glassy, translucent appearance

word w/ hyaline

hyalinosis - a condition marked by the accumulation of hylaine material in the body’s tissues

lamella

a thin layer, membrane, or plate of tissue, especially in bone

word w/ lamella

interlamellar - situated or occuring between the lamellae

os

bone

word w/ os

ossicle - a small bone

trochlea

a structure resembling a pulley or acting like a pulley

word w/ trochlea

epitrochlearis - an accessory muscle at the elbow that is present in a variable portion of the human population

blast

immature or developing cell that is actively involved in growth, “germ” or “bud”

word w/ blast

osteoblast - a bone-forming cell

cyte

means “cell”

word w/ cyte

leukocyte - white blood cell

ectomy

to “cut out” or “surgical removal” or “excision” 

word w/ ectomy

appendectomy - surgical removal of the appendix

emia

blood or blood condition

word w/ emia

anemia - a condition characterized by a lack of blood or red blood cells

itis

inflammation

word w/ itis

tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils