Earth and Life Science Final Exam Review

Geosphere

layers of the earth

Creationism/Devine creation

The universe is created by God

Creation myths

a belief that describes the beginning of the world and passed down generation-to-generation

Inner core

is in solid state because of the high pressure

Big bang theory

Start from hot dense point called singularity

Outer core

produces magnetic field to protect the planet

Magnetic field

deflects the solar radiation emitted by the sun

Crust

the outermost layer of the Earth

Oscillating Universe Theory

expand and will contract - big crunch

Continental crust

is thicker

Oceanic crust

thinner

Terrestrial planets

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars; made of dense rocky metallic materials

Biosphere

where life exists; all organisms that grow

Desert biome

has no cloud so the sunlight can't be scattered

Jovian planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune; made of ice and dust

Inferior planets

Mercury, Venus, Earth

Superior Planets

Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Minerals

naturally occurring, solid. Building blocks of rocks

Chemical structure

arrangement of atoms inside the minerals

Chemical habit

external shape of minerals

Geocentric

Earth is the center or Earth-centered

Heliocentric

Sun is center

Buffon's Collision theory

the planets formed due to collision of sun and giant comets

Solar Nebular theory

explosion of a star called supernova might have caused the dust and gas cloud to collapse forming the sun and planets

Goldilocks zone

perfect region where receives enough energy from the sun to allow the water exist

REDshift

the object from a far is moving away

BLUEshift

the object from a far is moving towards

Pluto

is not considered as a planet because it hasn't cleared away any objects in its orbit

Atmosphere

the blanket of the Earth

Troposphere

weather activities happen

Hydrosphere

the water component of Earth

Bathypelagic zone

in this layer the famous titanic can be seen

Abyssopelagic zone

most of the sea creatures has a bioluminescent which produces light because in this layer does not receives sunlight

Hadalpelagic zone

Hadal zone or The Trenches, where the Mariana trench located

Rocks

naturally occurring, inorganic, solid. Composed of minerals

Endogenic

internal, inside, beneath process in the earth

Pangaea

supercontinent

Panthalassa

super ocean surrounded the supercontinent

Igneous rocks

when molten rocks or magma/lava hardness this process called crystallization

Seismology

study about earthquake

Vulcanology

study about volcanoes

Magnitude

energy released by earthquake

Intensity

degree/strength of shaking caused by earthquake

Exogenic

external, outside, processes in the earth's surface

Extrusive igneous rocks

when LAVA hardens it formed into basalt rocks

Weathering

breaking-down of rocks into pieces

Erosion

transporting or movement of fragments of rocks into other places because of wind, water, ice

Sedimentary rocks

when sediments are compacted and cemented known this process as lithification

Compaction

sediments build up and are squeezed together

Cementation

sediments start to stick together

Clastic sedimentary rocks

formed from pure sediments

Chemical sedimentary rocks

formed from the reaction with other elements

Organic sedimentary rocks

consists of fossil or animals remains that buried in the rock

Metamorphic rocks

when rocks exposed to pressure and heat the rocks will change appearance

Foliated metamorphic rock

(regional metamorphism) when rock exposed to high pressure

Non-foliated metamorphic rock

(contact metamorphism) when rock exposed to high heat

Oxidation

dissolved oxygen the rocks will be weaken

Hydrolysis

when rocks absorb water rocks will weaken and changed in shape

Intrusive igneous rocks

(inside) when MAGMA hardens it formed into granite rocks. ▪ Slowly cooling magma ▪ Large crystals formed

Mesosphere

due to temperature the meteors melts; coldest layer

− Inner core

is in solid state because of the high pressure o High - synonyms: large, immense

Outer core

produces magnetic field to protect the planet. Magnetic field deflects the solar radiation emitted by the sun.

Amorphous

unidentified shape

Color

color of the mineral

Streak

refers to the color of minerals in powdered form

Transparency

ability of light to pass through in the mineral

Transparent

all light can pass through

Translucent

limited light to pass through

Opaque

no light can pass through

Luster

appearance of light reflected from the mineral

large crystals

loner period of time

small crystals

short period of time