CNA State Test Questions TN

What is the very first thing you do before ever touching a patient?

Check doctors orders or nursing care plan

Which end of a bedpan faces the patients head?

Broad end faces patients head

What should you do when patients are in a B&B program?

- Fluids every hour

- Bathroom every 2 hours

- Scheduled snacks & exercise for bowel movements

- Document any incontinent accidents

What type of bedpan do you use in patients who cannot roll?

Fracture or Orthopedic bedpan

Which end of the orthopedic bedpan faces the patient's head?

The narrower end. The broad end goes toward butt (opposite of normal bedpan)

How does a female on bedrest use the restroom?

Bedpan

How do males on bedrest urinate?

Urinal

What does BR stand for?

Bedrest

What does BR BRP stand for?

Bedrest with Bathroom Privelages

If a patient is BR with BRP, what is the number one thing you should do before allowing them to go to the bathroom?

Check for fall precautions

What is Incontinence?

Loss of bowel and bladder control

If a patient is in a "B & B" program what does that mean?

Bowel & Bladder training

Bowel & Bladder training is considered ________________________.

Restorative care

When is the best time for a bowel movement?

30 minutes after breakfast

What does UOP stand for?

Urinary Output

What is micturition?

Urination

If a patient is a quadriplegic, what does that mean?

Patient is paralyzed from neck or chest level

If a patient is a paraplegic, what does that mean?

Patient is paralyzed from waist level

What patients have high risk for urinary retention?

1. Quadriplegia

2. Paraplegia

3. Postpartum

4. Postoperative

In postpartum patients, how should you monitor their voids?

measure, document, and report first 3 voids

In postoperative patients, how should you monitor their voids?

measure, document, and report first void

What is dysuria?

difficult, or painful urination

What is Anuria?

no urinary output

What is Hematuria?

blood in urine

What is Glycosuria?

glucose (sugar) in urine (sign of diabetes)

What is Nocturia?

urinating frequently at night

What is Polyuria?

excessive urination (sign of diabetes)

What is cystitis?

Inflammation of the bladder

What is the muscle that opens and closes the bladder for bladder control (continence)?

Urinary Sphincter Muscle

What is the external opening of the urethra for urination?

Urinary meatus

What can cause discoloration of urine?

Dyes in medications (orange, orange-red, cherry red)

What things do you look at when measuring Urine?

1. Color

2. Odor

3. Clarity

4. Amounts of output (UOP)

If sandy particles are found in the urine, what are the particles called?

Sediment

What is a normal UOP?

1200-2000 cc in 24 hours

What is a Joint?

Point where 2 bones meet

What joints are hinge joints?

Elbows & Knees

What joints are ball and socket joints?

Shoulder & Hip

What are ligaments?

fibrous bands that connect bone to bone

What are tendons?

fibrous bands that connect muscle to bone

What does ROM stand for?

Range of motion

What is range of motion?

The normal movement of a joint

What is flexion?

to bend

What is extension?

to straighten

What is abduction?

to move away from the body

What is adduction?

to move toward the body

What is plantar flexion?

bending the foot downward

What is dorsiflexion?

bending the foot upward

What is opposition?

touching each finger to the thumb

What is a contracture?

Joint deformity

What is atrophy?

muscle wasting (loss of muscle)

What are the types of ROM?

1. Active ROM

2. Passive ROM (PROM)

What is active ROM?

The patient is able to move extremities

What is passive ROM?

The care giver exercises patients extremities

What is a trochanter roll?

A blanket roll or sand bag placed at thighs, prevents outward rotation of hips and legs (placed at top of femur because femur has protrusion at top called the greater trochanter)

What is an abductor wedge?

A wedge used after hip surgery to keep the operative leg abducted

What is a bed cradle?

A device used to support the top sheet to prevent contracture called foot drop

1 oz of fluid is equivalent to ____________ cc's.

1 oz = 30 cc's

1 Teaspoon of fluid is equivalent to ______________ cc's.

1 teaspoon = 5 cc's

What does UTI stand for?

Urinary Tract Infection

What are renal calculi?

Kidney stones caused by excessive calcium in the blood

What do you do for a patient with renal calculi?

Force fluids & filter their urine

If the kidney stone is caught or lodged in the kidney or ureter, what is the treatment used to implode the stoned?

Lithotripsy

What does BPH stand for? What is it?

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy; non-cancerous enlargement of prostate

What is metastasis?

spreading of cancer to the bone

When is metastasis something to worry about?

With cancer of the prostate (CA of prostate)

What is edema?

swelling of the tissues

What is the medical term for kidney failure?

ESRD (End stage renal disease)

What is the treatment for ESRD?

1. Dialysis

2. Kidney Transplant

What is dialysis?

removing chemical waste and fluid from the blood

What is the number 1 cause of kidney failure?

Diabetes

How do you administer fluids to a kidney patient? (ESRD)

RESTRICT fluids

What is hemodialysis?

use of a machine to filter blood, done 2-3 times per week. Requires a tube to be inserted into a vein and artery in the arm called a shunt

What is something you never do with a patient on hemodialysis?

Never take BP on the arm with the shunt and never draw blood from the arm with the shunt

What is peritoneal dialysis?

requires a tube to be inserted into the abdominal cavity

If a patient is dehydrated, what does that mean?

excessive loss of body fluids & electrolytes

What are electrolytes?

Chemicals in the blood and body fluid

What is a BMP?

Basic metabolic panel performed to check levels of blood substances (K, Na, Cl, Glucose, CO2)

What does I & O stand for?

All Intake & Output must be measured

Every time you have an IV line what should you check Iv site for?

Swelling

If a pt. is NPO, what does that mean?

Nothing by mouth

If a pt with an NG tube is complaining of being thirsty, what do you do?

Do NOT give pt any food or drink, he is NPO. Give mouth care with toothettes (swabs) every 2-3 hours to moisten mouth

How often do you empty an NG pt's suction canister? What do you do with the contents?

At the end of each shift, measure gastric contents and chart it as output.

What is a pneumothorax?

air in the pleural space

What is a Hemothorax?

blood in the pleural space

Pressure occurs when air, blood, or fluid collects in the pleural space. What does this pressure cause?

Collapsed lung

p with a line over it means

after (ex: NPO p MN = nothing by mouth after midnight)

x with a line over it means

except (ex: NPO x Sips H20 Meds. = nothing by mouth except sips of water with medications)

What is permitted on a "clears" diet?

1. Black Coffee

2. Tea

3. Apple or Cranberry Juice

4. Jello

5. Broth

6. 7-Up or Sprite

7. Ice Chips & Water Popsicles

What is permitted on a mechanical soft diet?

soft foods with ground or pureed meat

If a pt. is on a Dysphagia Diet, what would you do?

Add Thick-It to liquids to get nectar consistency or thin pudding consistency

What does TPA or TPN stand for? What does it mean?

Total Parenteral Nutrition; intravenous nutrition for patients who cannot take in, digest, or absorb food

What is permitted on a 2.0 g Na Diet? When would a pt be put on this diet?

Low sodium diet for patients with edema (swelling)

Why would you give your patients Ensure shakes and Protein Shakes?

because protein is essential for healing

You enter the room of a blind pt who is attempting to pour glass or water, what do you do?

Let them do it, self-care is good

For a blind pt, if you're using a plate you should explain the locations of food clockwise. Ex: Meat @ 12 o'clock and Bread @ 2 o'clock

If you have a stroke pt with Hemiplegia, how would you feed them?

Place food on unaffected side of mouth

What is hemiplegia?

paralysis on one side of body

If a pt is choking, what should you do?

Abdominal thrusts

If a pt is aspirating, what should you do?

Turn head to side & call for a nurse stat

What should a 24 hour water intake be?

2-3 qt's