male reproductive system

what are the primary sex organs

testes and ovaries

what are the secondary sex organs

glands and external genitalia

what are the muscles of the testes

dartos muscle - smooth muscle (involuntary) to wrinkle the scrotal skin

cremaster muscle - skeletal muscle (voluntary) to elevate testes

structure of the testes

tunica vaginalis - protective layer

tunica albuginea - fibrous capsule of teste

epididymis - help sperm maturation, storage, and transport

what is the function of the seminiferous tubule

produce sperm, form mature sperm cells from germ cells

what is the function of the epididymis

maturation, storage, and transport of sperm; 6 cm long when uncoiled

what is the function of the ductus deferens

tube that stores and transport stores sperm (layers are inner mucosa, thick muscularis, adventitia)

spermatic cord

cord that the ductus deferens, testicular vessels and nerves that leave the testes into the abdominal cavity

what are the three accessory glands

seminal, prostatic, bublo-urethral glands

what does the seminal gland do

secretes about 60% volume of semen

nourishes, enhance mobility, immune, clots, and liquifies

prostate

secrete 1/3 volume

mobility, clots, and liquify

bublo-urethral gland

secretes mucus that lubricates urethra before ejaculation and neutralizes acidic urine

what is the external anatomy of the penis

shaft - body, glans penis - tip, prepuce - foreskin

what is the internal anatomy of the penis

corpus spongiosum (2) - surrounds the spongy urethra

corpora cavernosa (1) - makes up majority of penis

what organs are in the perineum

scrotum, root of penis, anus

what are the boundaries of the perineum

anterior - pubic symphysis

posterior - coccyx

lateral - ischial tuberosity

stages of spermatogenesis

germ cell, primary spermocyte (goes thru meiosis 1), secondary spermocyte (goes thru meiosis 2), spermatid, sperm with cytoplasm (cytoplasm sheds), sperm

endocrine contribution of spermatogenesis

controlled by FSH and testosterone