English IV Daigle Midterm

made by Ella Balhoff

what is empowerment?

having or taking over control over all aspects of your life

how did the Nazis view empowerment?

as control over others & reserved for the government

why were the Nazis against people's empowerment?

it was a threat to their goals & ideologies

what was Bertie's physical challenge?

a stutter

how are people with physical challenges often empowered?

by therapy where they are pushed to the point of anger

in "The King's Speech," what did Bertie proclaim when he was pushed?

"I have a voice!"

how are people in "Siddhartha" empowered?

through mentors & advisers that are helping them through spiritual challenges

in "The King's Speech," why was it so important for Bertie to find his voice & be prepared for such a speech?

the country needed a strong leader to lead them through the upcoming war

how long is King George's speech?

404 words - almost 6 minutes

in King George's declaration of war speech, what does he instruct people to do?

"I ask them to stand calm and firm and united in this time of trial."

in King George's speech, what does Bertie mean by, "For the second time in most of our lives, we are at war."

he referring to WWI & how they are about to enter another war

in King George's speech, what does Bertie mean by, "We have been forced into a conflict for which are called with our allies to meet the challenge of a principle, which if it were to prevail, would be fatal to any civilized order in the world."

he's explaining that he didn't want war, but there was no choice

why didn't Bertie just print his speech in the newspaper rather than saying it due to his disability?

speaking it would assure the people of his protection -- if he didn't say it, he would look like a coward

what is the life lesson we can learn from "The King's Speech"?

perseverance: we must keep trying

what's the irony about Chaucer's Parsoner's Tale?

he says it's the longest tale, but it's not

in his Retraction, what does Chaucer ask the reader to do for him?

to pray for him for God's mercy - for writing what he wrote

in his Retraction, what does Chaucer say that will hopefully save his soul on judgment day?

his good writings

if Chaucer was so concerned over the state of his soul, why did he publish the book & make a lot of money?

he wasn't any different from the Pardoner because he lived for money

what is the genre of the Knight's Tale?

chivalric romance

where is the setting of the Knight's Tale?

ancient mythological Greece(Athens & Thebes)

what is the theme of the Knight's Tale?

instability of human life & that no one is immune to disaster

what do the elements of courtly love in the Knight's Tale show?

that love is a sickness - Palamon & Arcite are both miserable and risk their loves over a lady

what's the genre of "Man's Search for Meaning"?

psychological autobiography

when & where was Victor Frankl born?

Vienna, Austria - 1905

who did Frankl correspond with throughout his career?

Sigmund Freud

what was the title of Frankl's manuscript?where did his wife hide it when he entered the concentration camps?

"The Doctor and the Soul" - hidden in the lining on his jacket

who in Frankl's family survived the Holocaust?

himself & his sister [who left Austria before the war]

when was Frankl's concentration camp liberated?

April 1945

did Frankl stay at 1 concentration camp? explain.

no - started at Auschwitz & was transferred to 2 other camps

what works did Frankl publish?

- his manuscript (rewritten)- "Man's Search for Meaning"- autobiography- "Man's Search for Ultimate Meaning"

after his liberation, what jobs did Frankl hold?

- director of a neurological clinic- taught at Vienna Medical School- founded Austrian Medical Society of Psychotherapy- taught at University of Vienna

what were some of Frankl's hobbies?

mountain climbing & flying planes

what was Frankl's last work?

"Man's Search for Ultimate Meaning"

according to Frankl, what was the key to survival in concentration camps?

- having a meaning of life / purpose- believed in God- fell back on their thoughts / intellect- cherishing loved ones

describe the 2 parts of "Man's Search for Meaning."

1: personal essay about his imprisonment2: "Logotherapy in a Nutshell" - description of his psychotherapeutic method

according to Frankl, what is a person's deepest desire?

to search for meaning and purpose

what Greek god is associated with Greek theater?

Dionysus

who put the 1st actor on stage in a solo performance?

Thespis of Icaria

who put the 2nd actor to stage?what did this person primarily write?

Aeschylus - wrote comedies

who put the 3rd character to stage?what does this do for the play?

Sophocles - adds drama & conflict

what's the Greek chorus?

a group of masked men who provided commentary on actions & events in the play -- created a deeper meaning between characters & audience

what was a skene?

a building in Greek plays that provided changing rooms & often painted on to suggest the play's setting

what is parados?

the 1st time an Ancient Greek chorus enters the stage during a performance

when & where was Sophocles born?

496 BC - Colonus, Greece

what were some of Sophocles' occupations?

- ambassador- wrestler- dancer- musicians- politician- military leader

how many plays did Sophocles write? how many survived in complete form?

120 total plays7 completely survived

what were Sophocles' plays?

- Oedipus the King- Antigone- Oedipus at Colonus

which play did Sophocles write when he was 90? how was this somewhat autobiographic?

Oedipus at Colonus - in this play, Oedipus was also 90

irony in which that audience has more plot knowledge than the character(s)

dramatic irony

a protagonist's trait that contributes to his / her downfall by mismatch between characters & circumstances

hamartia / tragic flaw

excessive pride

hubris

the central hero of a tragedy, often having a trait that leads to their donwfall

tragic hero

the belief that one's fate is sealed by God or mythical forces

predestination

a process of recognition in which characters see their own nature, destiny more clearly than before -- recognition of the truth

anagnorisis

the release of powerful, healing emotions that make tragedy so moving -- cleansing & healing of the audience

catharsis

what is the Oedipus Complex? who coined this term?

a son's wish to posses his mother & eliminate his father / a child sees the same sex parent as a rival -- from Sigmund Freud

character: King of Thebes

Oedipus

character: brother of Jocasta

Creon

character: old, blind prophet

Tiresias

character: wife & mother of Oedipus - Queen of Thebes

Jocasta

character: a daughters of Oedipus

Antigone & Ismene

what are Aristotle's theory of 3 unities?

requirements for the perfect tragedy:- unity of action (1 story)- unity of place (1 location)- unity of time (1 day)

the part of a Greek drama that often follows the last song of the Chorus - after, everyone leaves the stage

exodus

what is ironic about Sophocles' personality?

he's gifted admired, & successful - had a dark view of human life & aware of life's pain and sorrow

what did Aristotle say was the model of a perfectly made tragedy?

Oedipus the King

according to Aristotle, what 2 emotions should tragedy trigger?

pity & terror

an imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude

Aristotle's definition of tragedy

what happened to Oedipus' ancestors that doomed him?

Cadmus' (great-great grandfather of Oedipus) wife received a cursed necklace from Hephaestus that will make their descendants' lives miserable

around what event was Beowulf believed to be recorded? by who?

1066 - William of Normandy takes Britain at the Battle of Hastings by defeating the Saxons -- written down by Christian monks

what is the 1st English literary masterpiece?

Beowulf

when was Beowulf supposedly composed?

700 AD - passed down orally

what happened to the only surviving manuscript of Beowulf?

it was badly damaged by fire in Sir Robert Cotton's library, who was an antiquarian (collector of old, rare books)

where is the Beowulf manuscript now?

the British Library

what is the theme of Beowulf?

good versus evil & determining good people from bad

what are kennings?

riddle sayings - 1 to 2 words(present in Beowulf)

what is a comitatus?

"small war band" - swore an oath of loyalty(present in Beowulf)

in Beowulf, who Beowulf's foil?

Unferth

what is a scop?

a court poet(present in Beowulf)

why is it odd that Beowulf is an English folk epic?

Beowulf is a Scandinavian hero & member of the tribe of Greats

what genre is everyman?

medieval morality play (allegory)

what's an allegory?

a story with a literal & metaphorical meaning

what's Everyman about?

recounts the life and death of Everyman, an allegorical figure who represents all of humanity. At the beginning of the play, God orders Death to visit Everyman and to warn him that he will be judged by God himself. Terrified, Everyman turns to Fellowship. His friends soon desert him, however -- the only friend that stays with him is Good Deeds

what genre is Dante's Inferno?

Italian Epic Poem & Medieval Allegory

what translation of Dante did we read? why?

Pinsky - remains rhyme scheme & meaning

how does Dante influence Petrarch?

Petrarch's Laura and Dante's Beatric both have the theme of a man's undying love for the unattainable woman as its themes

what was Dante's work that solely focused on Beatrice, his love?

The New Life (La Vita Nuova)

what role does Beatrice play in Dante's Divine Inferno?

Beatrice asks Mary to allow Dante to travel through Hell, Purgatory, & Heaven - so he would change his bad ways to be with her in Heaven

how did Dante's Inferno influence Christian views?

before the Inferno, Christians didn't really have an image of hell - Dante gives a vivid & horrible one

on what day does Dante's Inferno begin?

Holy Thursday 1300

how does Dante's Inferno start? what's significant about this?

"in the middle of our life's journey" - it shows Dante's age

how does "in the middle of our life's journey" show Dante's age?

it's a biblical allusion to a verse that says that a man's life is 3 score & 10 years (70 years) - so 70/2 = 35 years old

explain the basics of Dante's life.

born in Florence, Italy - involved in government - exiled from Florence for trying to expose a corrupt Pope - settled at Ravenna

what's the purpose of Dante's inferno?

to warn others to be faithful to God

what language did Dante write the Inferno in? why?

Italian - wanted the average person to be able to read it (wanted to save souls)

what's significant about Dante writing the Inferno in Italian?

all the greats wrote in Latin - it was out of place to write in your own languagean

in medieval times, what was a "comedy"?

an optimistic process from worse to better

how did Dante's Divine Comedy gain it's title?

it was originally titled "Comedy" by Dante, but the poet Boccaccio added "Divine" to it(he referred to Dante as the "divine poet")

what are the 3 sections of Dante's Divine Comedy?

InfernoPurgatoryHeaven

through what levels does Virgil guide Dante through?

Inferno & Purgatory

through what levels does Beatrice guide Dante through?

from the edge of Purgatory to the gates of Heaven