Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and cell size.

Eukaryotic cells

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

prokaryotic cell

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Prokaryotic DNA

In the cytoplasm, in a single circular molecule called the chromosome

Eukaryotic DNA

Linear chromosomes found within the nucleus.

surface area

The measurement of the outer surface of an object.

Volume

The amount of space an object takes up

SA:V

surface area to volume ratio

The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell will..........

........ limit the size of a cell

A high surface area to volume ratio will......

..........increase the rate at which substances can diffuse in and out of a cell

A smaller organism will have a.......

......high SA:V

A larger organism will have a.....

.....low SA:V

The surface area of a cube that has a length of 5 cm is

150 cm^2

The volume of a cube that has a length of 5 cm is

125 cm^3

The SA:V ratio of a cube that has a length of 5cm is

1.2 : 1

The surface area of a cube that has a length of 2 cm is

24 cm^2

The volume of a cube that has a length of 2 cm is

8 cm^3

The SA:V of a cube that has a length of 2 cm is

3 : 1

When the SA:V ratio becomes too low a cell

will not be able to exchange materials with its environment efficiently

Organisms with a low SA:V require

specialized tissues and body systems in order to efficiently exchange substances with the environment.

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended; found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Ribosomes

found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; the site of protein synthesis

Independent variable (IV)

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The variable that is measured by the researcher. Any result/change on the DV should be caused by the change in the IV.

Controlled variables

the variables in an experiment which are held constant to test the effect of the independent variable upon the dependent variable

experimental control

The test in the experiment that is lacking the independent variable. It allows the scientist to determine that the results are due to the changes in the independent variable.

Hypothesis

A testable prediction, that is based on scientific theory