digestive system

What are the four main organs of the gastrointestinal tract?

The esophagus, stomach, small intestine , large intestine

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Gallbladder, liver, pancreas

Define mechanical and chemical digestion

Mechanical: The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, occurring mainly in the mouth and stomach.

Chemical: The breakdown of large food molecules into simpler nutrients by enzymes, occurring mainly in the small intestin

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What is the function of hcl and pepsin in the stomach?

Hcl kills bacterias and provides a low pH that’s needed for the enzymes (pepsin) that chemically digest protein

Why is the small intestine the primary site of nutrient absorption?

It is very long and lined with millions of villi which increase the surface area greatly for absorption

What is the role of bile in digestion?

Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps with breaking down large lipids intp smaller ones that are easier for enzymes to break down

What are the primary functions of the large intestine ?

Absorbs excess water from waste and turning liquid remains into solid feces and houses trillions of helpful bacteria that produce vitamins

What is perilstalsis

Movement of food through the gi tract

What are the parts of the small intestine

duodenum

Jejunem

Ileum

Function of duodenum

First and shortest part of the small intestine most of chemical digestion happens there and most digestive enzymes are active there

Enzymes : maltase (carbs) peptidase (protein) produced there but lipase (fat) produced by the pancreas secretes into the duodenum

Jujenum

The second part of the SI this is where most of nutrient absorption into blood happens

Ileum

Last part of the SI a few remaining nutrients are absorbed here

Parts of large intestine

Cecum is the connecting part of SI and LI where waste enters in liquid form

Colon excess water gets absorbed the remaining is called feces

Rectum this is where feces accumulates and as the Rectum fills the feces becomes compacted

Anus where compacted feces leaves the body it’s an opening