WHAP- Unit 1 & 2

Islamic caliphates

Stepping stones for the spread and establishment of Islam.

Rashidun Caliphate

Established after Prophet Muhammad's death, marking the beginning of the Islamic state.

Umayyad Caliphate

Known for its vast territorial expansion from Spain to India and shift to hereditary rule.

Abbasid Caliphate

More inclusive and cosmopolitan Islamic society, known for the Golden Age of Islam.

House of Wisdom

A learning center in Baghdad where scholars preserved and translated classical knowledge.

Dar-Al Islam

Refers to all Islamic empires as a collective.

Feudalism

Political system of the Middle Ages where nobles granted land to vassals in exchange for service.

Magna Carta

A charter signed by King John, laying the foundation for the Parliament in England.

Code of Chivalry

An honor system that prevented betrayal among lords and knights during the Middle Ages.

Holy Roman Empire

Political fragmentation that began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Silk Roads

Trade network connecting wealthy cities and facilitating the exchange of luxury goods.

Pax Mongolica

Period of peace and stability in Eurasia allowing for global communication and trade.

Mansa Musa

Famous ruler of the Mali Empire known for his hajj and cultural diffusion.

Hanseatic League

Alliances of guilds and market towns that controlled European trade in the Middle Ages.

Zheng He

Ming Dynasty explorer who led maritime expeditions to enhance Chinese trade.

Champa rice

Vietnamese rice variety that led to increased agricultural productivity in China.

Bubonic Plague

Pandemic that led to labor shortages in Europe, impacting the feudal system.

Shogun

Chief general in feudal Japan, holding actual power over the land.

Divine Status of Sapa Incas

Claim of Incan rulers to divinity over their subjects.

Quipus

Knotting device used by Incas for record-keeping and accounting.

Bushido

The ethical code of the samurai in Japan, emphasizing honor and loyalty.

Neo-Confucianism

A revival of Confucian thought incorporating Buddhist ideas during the Song Dynasty.