unit 5 study pt.1

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Receive interpret and respond to stimuli

What system works with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis

Endocrine

Which organ to make up the CNS

Brain and spinal cord

The afferent division carries signals:

toward CNS

The efferent division controls:

Motor output

Which part of a neuron signals from other neurons?

dendrites

What is the term for the gap where two neurons communicate?

Synapse

Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information toward the CNS?

Afferent

Which brain lobe is primarily associated with voluntary motor control?

Frontal

Approximately what is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

-70 mV

During the rising phase of an action potential, which ion flows into the neuron?

Na+

What does myelin do for an axon?

Speeds conduction via saltatory conduction

Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Choroid plexus

Which mebingeal layer is directly adhered to the brain surface?

Pia mater

Which part of the brain controls heart rate and respiration?

Medulla oblongata

What are the main functional components of white matter?

Myelinated axons

A reflex arc that withdraws your hand from a hot stove, typically involves:

Sensory neuron > interneuron > motor neuron

Which neurotransmitter is the primarily excitatory neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions?

Acetylcholine

Which ion entering the presynaptic terminal triggers neurotransmitters release?

Ca2+

What term describes a local small change in membrane potential that can summate?

Graded potential

Which division of the autonomic nervous system predominates during rest and digest?

Parasympathetic

Which CNS cells act as the main immune defenders in the brain?

Microgila

What structure connects to cerebral hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

What is the primary role of the thalamus?

Relaying sensory information to cortex

Which statement about the sodium potassium pump is true

Moves 3Na+ out and 2 K+ in

Hyperpolarization refers to the membrane becoming:

More negative than resting potential

Which structure contains somatic motor cell bodies that initiate voluntary movement?

Ventral horn

Which area is considered the primary somatosensory cortex?

Postcentral gyrus

Which cranial nerve is primary responsible for vision?

CN ll (optic) (2)

What is multiple sclerosis characterized by?

Autoimmune myelin destruction in CNS

Which brain structure is most involved in coordinating complex motor patterns and balance?

Cerebellum

Which of the following best describes a ganglion?

A cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

Which receptor type response primarily to tissue damage and painful stimuli?

Nociceptor

Which cranial nerve pair is responsible for hearing and balance?

CN Vlll (8)

What is the primary neurotransmitter used by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Norepinephrine

Spatial summation refers to:

Summation of potentials from multiple synapse

Which part of the eye contains (photoreceptors rods and cones)?

Retina

What is the Babinski sign in adult typically indicated of?

Damage to corticospinal tract (upper motor neuron)

Which molecule is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

GABA

Where is cerebrospinal fluid reabsorbed into venous circulation?

Arachnoid villi (granulations)

Which disease involves an autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at the NMJ?

Myasthenia gravis

Saltatory conduction occurs when the action potential:

Jumps between nodes of ranvier

The limbic system is primarily involved in:

Emotional behavior and memory

Which structure contains the primary auditory cortex?

Temporal lobe

Which of the following is true about gray matter in the brain?

It consists of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons

Which reflects assesses the function of the L4 spinal segment?

Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex

what role does hypothalamus play?

Regulates homeostasis and endocrine functions

Which term describes a bundle of axons in the CNS ?

Tract

Which eye condition results from increase intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve?

Glaucoma

Which receptor type detects changes in chemical concentrations?

Chemoreceptor

Temporal summation refers to:

Rapid repeated stimulation at the same synapse

Which structure is part of the brain stem?

Medulla oblongata

Which sensory organ contains otoliths that detect linear acceleration ?

Vestibule (utricle and saccule)