Unit 7: The Islamic and African Kingdoms

Where is Islam located?
What kind of weather did it have?

Arabian Peninsula
Hottest and driest places

What are Bedouins?

Arabia’s earliest nomadic inhabitants that looked for sources of water

The Bedouin were in different tribes based on clans, why?

The tribes would engage in conflict with one another, leading to wars.
Since they were in a desert, life could only flourish in an oasis, which is an isolated reliable source of water in a desert.

Arabia’s central location had:

Crossroads connecting Africa, Europe, and Asia

Mecca:

Oases which grew into major towns and cities

Who did most Arabians people believe in?

Allah

What did Abraham do in Mecca?

He stopped in Mecca and built a shrine called the Ka’aba, it was an important site for Arabic peoples.

Who founded Islam?

Muhammad

Who is Muhammad?
How did he come up with his teachings?

He is known for his reputation for intelligence, kindness, etc.
He went to a cave of Mecca to pray amd got a vision from the angel Gabriel.

What was Muhammad’s main message?

Polytheistic or Monotheistic?

People could achieve salvation in the afterlife by worshipping and obeying the one true God.
Monotheistic

Whats does
Islam mean:
Muslim:

Islam: “submission to the will of God”
Muslim: “One who has submitted to God”

How did Mecca view Muhammad’s teachings?

They did not support it and saw him as a threat instead

Where did Muhammad and his followers flee?

Arabian city of Yathrib also known as Medina

Muhammad and his followers fleeing to Medina is also called as?

Hijrah and marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar

What is the umma

Islamic community created by Muhammad

What happened when Muhammad and his followers conquered Mecca?

They removed idols from the Ka’aba, and dedicated the shrine to the God of Abraham

What is the Qu’ran?

Hold book of islam which has texts such as the Hadith. It has the beliefs and practices Muslims should follow.

What is Sunnah

Words and actions in the Qu’an that attributed to Muhammad

What is Shari’a

The basis of the Islamic law, human behavior.

Halal means:
Haram means:

permissible (allowed)
impermissible (not allowed)

Islamic Beliefs?
Holy Book
Prophets
Muhammad
Day of Judgment and life after death

5 Pillars

1. Belief in the Holy Books sent to all prophets.

2. Belief in all the prophets sent by God, including Noah, Abraham, Moses, Isaac, Jesus, and Muhammad

3. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the final prophet.

4. Day of Judgment and life after death

5. They form the basis for many Muslim religious practices.
   

Sawm

Fasting during Ramadan

Zakat

Giving to the poor

Shahada

Declaration of belief in one true god

Salaah

5 times daily prayer, facing Mecca

Hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life

What is the Dome on the Rock?

An important religious site for Muslims. It is revered by most Muslims as the spot from which the Prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven.

Where do Muslims practice their faith?

Mosques (center of worship, education)

What are Mosques led by?

imam (religious teacher)

Sunni and Shia

Because there was a disagreement in who should lead the Islamic faith that stemmed from Muhammad’s death.

Muhammad’s father in law:

What was his role:

Abu Bakr

He was the first caliph (successor) to Muhammad, promising to follow Muhammad’s example and helping Islam to survive.

Who are the 4 Caliphs

Abu Bakr

Umar

Uthman

Ali

Abu Bakr

~ Expanded Islam into the Byzantine and Persian Empires

Umar

~ Defines Dar al-Islam and Dar al Harb

~ Expanded the use of jihad (holy war)

Uthman

~ Ordered writing of a definitive Qu’ran

~ Rule was mostly peaceful until accused of nepotism

Ali

~ Challenged by Mu’awiya (Umayyad leader)

~ After civil war they divided the caliphate

Sunnis

Majority or Minority

What do they believe in who should be the leader?

Majority

Doesn’t need to be related to be leader (free choose)

Shia
Majority or Minority
What do they believe in who should be the leader?

Minority

Wanted leaders to be descendants of Muhammad
(Ali can only interpret the Qu’ran)

How did Islam spread after Muhammad’s death?

1. Caliphs
2. Open religion (not forced)

Umayyads
1. They primarily were _______
2. What system did they create

3. Where did they move the Islamic capital to?

4. What form of government did they create

5. What battle stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe?

1. Sunni Muslims

2. Hereditary

3. Damascus

4. Bureaucracy (other parts of the world)

5. Battle of Tours

Abbasids (took over Umayyads)

1. Who were the leaders?

2. Where did they move the capital of Damascus to?

3. What was different about the caliphs?

4. Their army was built upon the use of _____.

1. Descendants of Muhammad’s uncle

2. Baghdad

3. They were isolated

4. Mercenaries

Fatimids (just read)

~ Shia caliphate

~ Opposed abbasids and tried to invade them
~ Their power was in Egypt of the capital Cairo

yes