A compromise between the king and the Pope that started that the church alone could grant a bishop his ring and staff (church power) but his power could be vetoed by the king
New cards
3
lay investiture
A ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials
New cards
4
Charlemagne's achievements
\-reunites Frankish kingdoms
\-reunites western Europe and spreads christianity
\-travels to Rome to protect Pope Leo III from mobs which gets him crowned emperor after giving protection
New cards
5
Feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
New cards
6
Why did medieval peasants support the church?
they saw it as their way to heaven
New cards
7
interdiction
a prohibition; the act of forbidding
New cards
8
What did John Wycliffe do?
translated the Bible into English
New cards
9
What did Jan Hus do?
Condemned the power of the church and clergy, promoted free interpretation of the Bible, influenced Martin Luther
New cards
10
Niccolo Machiavelli
wrote The Prince
New cards
11
how did the renaissance change society
It encouraged a more secular outlook
New cards
12
Hugenots
French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin
New cards
13
Ignatius of Loyola
Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises.
New cards
14
elect
In Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation.
New cards
15
what were the goals of the jesuits
Create schools throughout Europe, convert non-Christians to Catholicism, and stop the spread of Protestantism.
New cards
16
Three G's of Exploration
God, Glory, Gold
New cards
17
Prince Henry the Navigator
This was the Portuguese Prince that gave steadfast financial and moral support to the navigators
New cards
18
Bartolomeu Dias
Portuguese explorer who rounded the tip of Africa
New cards
19
Vasco da Gama
the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.
New cards
20
Christopher Columbus
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China
New cards
21
Treaty of Tordesillas
set the boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.
New cards
22
Dutch East India Company
A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. Richer and more powerful than England's company, they drove out the English and Established dominance over the region. It ended up going bankrupt and being bought out by the British
New cards
23
English East India Company
an early joint-stock company; were granted on English royal charter with the intention of favoring trade privileges in India.
New cards
24
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
New cards
25
Tenochtitlan
Capital of the Aztec Empire
New cards
26
Mestizo
A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.
New cards
27
Encomienda system
system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.
New cards
28
Mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
New cards
29
joint-stock company
a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.
New cards
30
Where did the Pilgrims settle?
Plymouth, Massachusetts
New cards
31
Where did the Puritans settle?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
New cards
32
Cardinal Richelieu
Chief minister of France who reduced the power of the nobles
New cards
33
Intendents
royal officials that were sent to the provines to execute the orders of the central government. They further strengthened the power of the King.
New cards
34
Thirty Years War
Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.
New cards
35
Boyars
Russian nobility
New cards
36
james I
The first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1925 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625
New cards
37
Charles I of England
English King during the English Civil War is executed by Oliver Cromwell
New cards
38
Petition of Right
Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land
New cards
39
Restoration
the re-establishment of the British monarchy in 1660
New cards
40
Habeas Corpus
Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment
New cards
41
Glorious Revolution
the overthrow of King James II of England
New cards
42
Scientific Revolution
The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science.
New cards
43
Natural Law
God's or nature's law that defines right from wrong and is higher than human law
New cards
44
Enlightened Despot
Absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change
New cards
45
Montesquieu
Gave us the branches of government
New cards
46
Baccaria
Capital punishment and torture should be outlawed
New cards
47
Voltaire
French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance.
New cards
48
John Locke
Life, Liberty, and Property
New cards
49
Thomas Hobbes
believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority
New cards
50
State of Nature
a condition in which no governments or laws existed at all
Studied by 10 people
