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What is kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because it is moving (energy of movement)
the faster something moves, the more kinetic energy it has
Potential energy is the stored energy in an object due to its position or condition.
What is temperature?
the average kinetic energy
Higher temperature → particles move faster (higher average kinetic energy)
Lower temperature → particles move slower (lower average kinetic energy)
What are the 3 ways particles can move?
translational, vibrational, and rotational
Describe the translational motion
molecules move freely
only particles in liquids and gases
Describe the vibrational motion
move about in a fixed position
all particles, regardless of state
Describe rotational motion
spins on an axis
particles in liquids and gases (some solids)
What does increasing temperature do to particles?
increases all types of kinetic energy/ modes of movement of particles
eventually, each particle will have enough energy to completely escape from all of the other particles by breaking the intermolecular forces (IMF) as the substance becomes a gas
What is the impact of IMF on energy?
the strength of the IMF determines how much energy must be added to the system for it to become a gas
What is pressure?
force per unit area
# of collisions the molecules make w/ the container
(The push of the molecules against the a container)