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Psych Lesson 1

Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Objective Introspection: Reactions to objects and descriptions of immediate experience.

Voluntarism: Active control by intention and motives.

Structuralism: The idea that experiences could be broken up into pieces (sensations and emotions).

Functionalism: Idea that mind allows function in the real world. Those survival-aiding behaviors are passed down through generations.

Behaviorism: Idea that psych should be a science of observable behavior

Humanistic Psychology: “Third Force”. subjective potential and human potential focus.

Cognitive Psychology: Study of mental processes

Evolutionary Psychology: Studies behavior, mental processes, and their adaptive value.

Positive Psychology: Focus on well-being, positive emotions, resilience, altruism, etc.

What is Psychology:

  • the scientific study of mental processes and behaviors.

  • can include both humans and animals

How old is the field of Psychology?

  • Science of “psychology” is relatively new

  • Study of metacognition is very old (Ancient Greek philosophers)

  • roots of psych are extensive

Who developed the first Psych lab?

  • Wilhelm Wundt in 1879

What methods did Wundt use?

  • Wundt used objective introspection

What areas did Wundt’s lab study?

  • Memory

  • Selective attention w/ a focus on voluntarism

Who were some of Wundt’s students?

  • Greenville Stanley Hall

  • James McKeen Cattel

  • Edward Titchner

Who was Titchner a student of?

  • Titchner was a student of Wilhelm Wundt

What did Titchner believe in?

  • Titchner believed in structuralism

What areas does Structuralism say experiences can be broken up into?

  • sensations

  • emotions

Who was the first woman to receive a PhD in Psychology?

  • Margaret F. Washburn

Who are considered the “Early Pioneers"?

  • William James

  • Max Wertheimer

  • Sigmund Freud

  • Pavlov

  • Watson

  • B.F. Skinner

Who were the “Behaviorists?”

  • Pavlov

  • Watson

  • B.F. Skinner

Who did William James disagree with? Why?

  • James disagreed with Titchner

  • James believed that “atoms of experience” could not be created.

  • Titchner’s main belief was that experiences could be broken up into pieces

What were William James’ two focuses?

  • The “stream of consciousness.”

  • Functionalism

Who studied Gestalt Psychology?

  • Max Wertheimer studied Gestalt psychology

What does Gestalt Psychology state?

  • The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

What was Sigmund Freud’s theory?

  • Psychodynamic Theory

What does Psychodynamic Theory entail?

  • Psychoanalysis

  • Role of the unconscious

Who did the “Little Albert” experiment?

  • Watson

What was B.F. Skinner known for?

  • Operant Conditioning

What is operant conditioning?

  • The belief that behaviors that are reinforced increase and vice versa

Why was there backlash against behaviorism?

  • “dehumanizing” perspective

  • focus on environment-shaping behavior

  • all “nurture”

What other branches of psych sprang up in light of the backlash against behaviorism?

  • humanistic psych

  • evolutionary psych

  • cognitive psych

  • positive psych

Psych Lesson 1

Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Objective Introspection: Reactions to objects and descriptions of immediate experience.

Voluntarism: Active control by intention and motives.

Structuralism: The idea that experiences could be broken up into pieces (sensations and emotions).

Functionalism: Idea that mind allows function in the real world. Those survival-aiding behaviors are passed down through generations.

Behaviorism: Idea that psych should be a science of observable behavior

Humanistic Psychology: “Third Force”. subjective potential and human potential focus.

Cognitive Psychology: Study of mental processes

Evolutionary Psychology: Studies behavior, mental processes, and their adaptive value.

Positive Psychology: Focus on well-being, positive emotions, resilience, altruism, etc.

What is Psychology:

  • the scientific study of mental processes and behaviors.

  • can include both humans and animals

How old is the field of Psychology?

  • Science of “psychology” is relatively new

  • Study of metacognition is very old (Ancient Greek philosophers)

  • roots of psych are extensive

Who developed the first Psych lab?

  • Wilhelm Wundt in 1879

What methods did Wundt use?

  • Wundt used objective introspection

What areas did Wundt’s lab study?

  • Memory

  • Selective attention w/ a focus on voluntarism

Who were some of Wundt’s students?

  • Greenville Stanley Hall

  • James McKeen Cattel

  • Edward Titchner

Who was Titchner a student of?

  • Titchner was a student of Wilhelm Wundt

What did Titchner believe in?

  • Titchner believed in structuralism

What areas does Structuralism say experiences can be broken up into?

  • sensations

  • emotions

Who was the first woman to receive a PhD in Psychology?

  • Margaret F. Washburn

Who are considered the “Early Pioneers"?

  • William James

  • Max Wertheimer

  • Sigmund Freud

  • Pavlov

  • Watson

  • B.F. Skinner

Who were the “Behaviorists?”

  • Pavlov

  • Watson

  • B.F. Skinner

Who did William James disagree with? Why?

  • James disagreed with Titchner

  • James believed that “atoms of experience” could not be created.

  • Titchner’s main belief was that experiences could be broken up into pieces

What were William James’ two focuses?

  • The “stream of consciousness.”

  • Functionalism

Who studied Gestalt Psychology?

  • Max Wertheimer studied Gestalt psychology

What does Gestalt Psychology state?

  • The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

What was Sigmund Freud’s theory?

  • Psychodynamic Theory

What does Psychodynamic Theory entail?

  • Psychoanalysis

  • Role of the unconscious

Who did the “Little Albert” experiment?

  • Watson

What was B.F. Skinner known for?

  • Operant Conditioning

What is operant conditioning?

  • The belief that behaviors that are reinforced increase and vice versa

Why was there backlash against behaviorism?

  • “dehumanizing” perspective

  • focus on environment-shaping behavior

  • all “nurture”

What other branches of psych sprang up in light of the backlash against behaviorism?

  • humanistic psych

  • evolutionary psych

  • cognitive psych

  • positive psych

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