Unit 4 Exam-The tree of life

Bacteria characteristics

unicellular; plasmids (single circular chromosomes); cell walls that feature a carbohydrate called peptidoglycan

Chlorophyll evolved from

cyanobacteria

Archaea characteristics

unicellular; single circular chromosome; lack a nucleus (prokaryote); cell membranes dominated by phospholipids that have several unique structural features

Archaeal-Eukaryote conections

archaeal DNA wraps around histone proteins to form the chromosome, but bacteria do not have histones; protein synthesis starts with an unmodified version of the amino acid methionine, while bacteria use a modified form of methionine;

Eukaryotes

process of meiosis; contains nucleus and mitochondria; linear chromosomes that reside inside the nucleus; more diverse cytoskeletons;

The origin of the mitochondrion; mitochondria evolved from bacterial cells that took ip residence inside an early eukaryotic cell; the relationship was mutualistic;

endosymbiotic theory

endosymbiosis

one organism is living inside the cells of another