Introduction to Organic Compounds and Molecules

These flashcards cover key concepts related to organic compounds, their structures, and their functions as discussed in the lecture.

Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of __.

Carbon

Organic compounds ALWAYS contain __.

Carbon

Methane (CH4) is one of the simplest __ compounds.

Organic

Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called __.

Hydrocarbons

A carbon __ is a chain of carbon atoms that can differ in length.

Skeleton

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements are called __.

Isomers

Testosterone and estradiol differ only in the __ of atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.

Groups

The first five chemical groups that affect a molecule's function are called __ groups.

Functional

A __ group consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms and affects molecular shape.

Methyl

Carbohydrates range from small sugar molecules (monomers) to large __ (starches).

Polysaccharides

Two monosaccharides are linked to form a __ in a dehydration synthesis reaction.

Disaccharide

Starch and glycogen are examples of __, serving as energy storage in plants and animals.

Polysaccharides

Lipids are water __ compounds due to their nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Insoluble

A fatty acid can link to glycerol by a __ reaction.

Dehydration

Fats with one or more double bonds are called __ fatty acids.

Unsaturated

Phospholipids have __ fatty acids attached to glycerol.

Two

Steroids are lipids whose structure contains __ fused rings.

Four