RESP 120 Chapter 8: O2 Equilibrium & Transport
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29 Terms
In what two forms is oxygen carried in the blood?
Dissolved in plasma and bound to hemoglobin.
What percentage of oxygen is dissolved in plasma?
~1.5%.
What percentage of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin?
~98.5%
How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule bind?
Four.
What is the equation for arterial oxygen content (CaO₂)?
CaO₂ = (1.34 × Hb × SaO₂) + (0.003 × PaO₂)
What does the 1.34 constant represent in the CaO₂ equation?
The amount of oxygen (mL) that 1 gram of hemoglobin can carry.
What does the 0.003 constant represent in the CaO₂ equation?
The amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma per mmHg of PaO₂.
What is the normal CaO₂ value?
~19–20 mL O₂ / 100 mL blood.
What is the normal adult hemoglobin range?
~15 g/dL.
What is the equation for venous oxygen content (CvO₂)?
CvO₂ = (1.34 × Hb × SvO₂) + (0.003 × PvO₂)
What is the normal CvO₂ value?
~15 mL O₂ / 100 mL blood.
What is the equation for capillary oxygen content (CcO₂)?
CcO₂ = (1.34 × Hb × SaO₂) + (0.003 × PAO₂)
What is the normal CcO₂ value?
~20 mL O₂ / 100 mL blood.
What does the Hb–O₂ dissociation curve show?
The relationship between PaO₂ and SaO₂.
What is the normal shape of the Hb–O₂ dissociation curve?
Sigmoid (S-shaped).
What does cooperative binding mean?
Binding of one O₂ molecule increases hemoglobin’s affinity for the next.
What is the normal P50 value?
~27 mmHg.
What does P50 represent?
The PaO₂ at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated.
What causes a right shift of the Hb–O₂ dissociation curve?
↑ CO₂, ↑ temperature, ↑ 2,3-DPG, ↓ pH.
What causes a left shift of the Hb–O₂ dissociation curve?
↓ CO₂, ↓ temperature, ↓ 2,3-DPG, ↑ pH, carbon monoxide.
What is the normal oxygen delivery (DO₂)?
~1000 mL O₂/min.
What is the equation for oxygen delivery (DO₂)?
DO₂ = CaO₂ × Q × 10
What is the normal arteriovenous O₂ content difference (C(a-v)O₂)?
~4–5 mL O₂ / 100 mL blood.
What is the normal oxygen consumption (VO₂)?
~250 mL O₂/min.
What is the normal oxygen extraction ratio (O₂ER)?
~25%.
What is the normal physiologic shunt fraction (Qs/Qt)?
~2–5%.
What defines hypoxemia?
Decreased oxygen in arterial blood (↓ PaO₂).
What defines hypoxia?
Decreased oxygen delivery or utilization at the tissue level.
What are the four types of hypoxia?
Hypoxemic, anemic, circulatory, histotoxic.
Note 
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