SLO Vocab - AP Prep English 10

Evaluate

Examine and judge carefully. To judge or determine the significance, worth, or quality of something; to assess

Analysis

The process or result of identifying the parts of a whole and their relationships to one another.

Explicit

Clearly expressed or fully stated in the actual text.

Connotation

The range of associations that a word or phrase suggests in addition to its dictionary meaning

Irony

Incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected result.

Inference

A judgement based on reasoning rather than on a direct or explicit statement. A conclusion based on facts or circumstances.

Tone

The attitude of the author toward the audience, characters, subject or the work itself

Refutation

Countering of anticipated arguments

Juxtaposition

Placing one thing adjacent to another, especially for comparison and contrast

Rhetoric

The art and study of effective writing and speech

Diction

Specific word choices an author makes to persuade or to convey tone

Ex: “She began imitating his careful diction.”

Clause

A group of words containing at least one paired subject and predicate

Phrase

A group of words that do not contain at least one paired subject and predicate

Ethos

Mode of persuasion requiring speakers to establish their credability, skill, or morality on a given subject to an intended audience

Pathos

Mode of persuasion speakers use when appealing to the various emotions of the audience, including fear, inspiration, intimidation, idealism, anger, nostalgia, despair, optimism, etc.

Logos

Mode of persuasion speakers use when appealing to the audience’s ability to distinguish, through discourse, the difference between what is reasonable or unreasonable.

Evidence

Proof coming from sources, fieldwork, and research that validates any logical support of an argument

Comma Splice

A type of Run-On sentence in which the writer has erroneously place only a comma between two independent clauses, resulting in a failure to link the two according to grammatical convention.

Reasons

Statements of logic that offer support for an argument.

Claims

Any statements of belief that can be contested; argument

Claim of Value

A statement made to show that something is moral or immoral

Claim of Policy

A statement made to endorse specific courses of action

Claim of Fact

A statement made to verify the authenticity of something

Fallacy

Rationales for claims that might seem reasonable, but are actually unsound—and usually false

Fused Sentence

A type of Run-On sentence in which the writer has failed to make any attempt to either link or seperate two independent clauses, utilizing neither punctuation, nor conjuctions

Loose Sentence

A sentence structure in which a main clause is followed by subordinate phrases and clauses

Parallelism

The similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses

Periodic Sentence

A long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word

Ambiguity

The presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage

Concession

An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent’s point