Urinary System Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for the Urinary System Study Guide.

Kidneys

Filter blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.

Ureters

Transport urine from kidneys to bladder.

Bladder

Stores urine.

Urethra

Expels urine from the body.

Deamination

The process of removing the NH2 group from amino acids, producing NH3.

Ammonia

Toxic substance converted to urea by the liver.

Urea

Primary nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine.

Uric acid

Waste product produced from nucleic acid breakdown.

Insensible Perspiration

Perspiration that cannot be easily perceived (from skin/lungs).

Isotonic

Water moves in and out of the cell at equal rates.

Hypertonic

Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Hypotonic

Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell or burst.

Filtration

Occurs in the glomerulus where small molecules, ions and water is filtered into Bowman's capsule

Glomerulus

The structure where filtration occurs.

Reabsorption

Reclaims glucose, amino acids, Na+, Cl-, K+, and water, 100% of glucose and amino acids reabsorbed here.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Location where most reabsorption occurs.

Loop of Henle (Descending Limb)

Permeable to water, part of the nephron that creates a concentration gradient.

Loop of Henle (Ascending Limb)

Permeable to ions (Na+, K+, Cl-), uses ATP, part of the nephron that creates a concentration gradient.

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Hormone-sensitive tubule for Ca2+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.

Collecting Duct

Responds to ADH, inserts aquaporins to reabsorb water when dehydrated.

Acidosis

Kidneys remove H+ and reabsorb HCO3-.

Alkalosis

Kidneys remove HCO3- and retain H+.

Erythropoietin

Hormone that increases RBC production.

Renin

Hormone involved in blood pressure regulation via RAAS.