Comp Sci Sem 1 test

ASCII

A character-encoding system that converts letters, numbers, and symbols into numeric codes computers can store and process.

Digitizing

Turning real-world information into digital data that a computer can use.

Binary

The language of computers using only 0s and 1s.

Data

Information stored and processed by a computer.

Pseudocode

A fake, simplified version of code written in plain English to plan a program.

Low-Level Programming Languages

Languages close to computer hardware; harder for humans to read but very fast.

Algorithms

A step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.

Efficiency

How well an algorithm uses time or memory.

Passwords — Good Practice

Steps to keep accounts safe.

Flowcharts

Diagrams showing the steps of an algorithm using shapes and arrows.

Sequence

Steps executed in order.

Iteration

Repeating steps using loops.

Abstraction

Simplifying complex ideas by focusing on the important parts.

Cryptography

The science of secure communication by encrypting messages.

Moore's Law

The idea that computer processing power doubles about every two years.

Development Process

Steps programmers follow to build software.

High-Level Programming Languages

Easier-to-read languages closer to human language.

Algorithmic Bias

When an algorithm makes unfair decisions because the data or design is biased.

Caesar Cipher

A simple substitution cipher that shifts letters a certain number of places.

Scratch

A block-based visual programming language for beginners.

Debugging

Finding and fixing errors (bugs) in code.

Importance of Variables in Programming

Variables store data that programs can use and change.