PHARM 130 LE1.2 - Pharmaceutical Solutions

pharmaceutical solutions

• solid, liquid, or gas in another liquid

• chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mutually miscible solvents

advantages of solutions (5)

• homogenous doses

• immediate BA for abs. and distr.

• easy to adjust dose

• easy to swallow

• easy to manufacture

disadvantages of solutions (3)

• less stable in solution

• some are insoluble in safe solvents

• bulky and heavy

key attributes of solutes

• ionic equilibria

• solubility

• partition coefficient

• particle size and surface area

substances that do not ionize in water

non-electrolytes

S_o, the solubility of the unionized weak acid, is also referred to as […]

intrinsic solubility

[…] increases solubility if the process breaks down the crystal lattice of the solid

micronization

[…] describes how easily a solvent can dissolve ions

dielectric constant

main formulation considerations

soluble and stable

flavoring techniques

• blending

• overshadowing

• physical methods

• chemical methods

• physiological methods

clear, saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils

aromatic waters

IPPB stands for […]

intermittent positive-pressure breathing

solutions administered rectally for local or systemic effects

enema

types of enema

• evacuation enema

• retention enema