Bell's Palsy, Agenisis of Corpus Collosum, ALS, Alternating hemiplegia, Beningn Essential Bleopahrospasms, CVA

what is a concussion

Grade 3 concussion

It is when the brain slams into the skull

Loss of consciousness

ONCE SOMEONE HAS A CONCUSSION THEYRE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE MORE *

what cushions the brain\

Grade 2 concussion

what is bells palsy

Subarachnoid space

Loss of cognitive ability for greater than 15 minutes

Temporary paralysis to one side of the face

what happens when the brain slams into the skull

Grade 1 concussion

how is bells palsy characterized

Nerve damage and damage to blood vessels

Loss of cognitive ability for less than 15 min

Drooping of eyelid and mouth

what happens when concussion is repeated

What is CTE

what is cranial nerve 7

Disability or Death

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Does motor to face and sensory

what causes bells palsy?

CN I

CN 2

Caused by herpes , Varicella Zoster Virus, EBV, Sarcoidosis, Diabetes, HBP

Olfactory n: sensory smell

Optic nerve Sight sensory

What is in front of the central sulcus and what is it?

CN III

What is the superior rectus m.

Precentral gyrus it is the primary motor cortex

Occularmotor nerve.

moves pupil up

From where does the corticobulbar nerve go

It crosses to the opposite side of the brain and goes to the anterior and posterior facial nerve

what does contralateral mean

what is the medial rectus m

what is the inferior rectus m

opposite side

moved pupil medially

moves pupil down

where does the ipsilateral cortibullbar start

what is the inferior oblique

what is CN IV

Cortex

moves eye up and out and controls size

Superior Oblique: moves eye down and out

where does the ipsilateral cortibullbar go

It starts in the cortex, stays on the same side, does not cross goes to the posterior facial nerve

cortex —> same side —> posterior facial nerve

what is the corticobulbar nisare called

CN VI

How do you diagnose for Robertson/Argylle Sign

uppermoto neurons because it’s in the brain

Abducence(Lateral Rectus) moves pupil laterally away from the nose

Have the patient place hand on their nose to block light

what happens if facial nerve doesnt work name ALL

• facial drooping

• dryness of eye

• dropping of eye lid

PNS

• Drooping of mouth

• sensitivity to sound

• decrease sense sensation

• pain behind the ear

what happens if contralateral bullbar nerve is damged and why

parts of the upper face will still work bec that part of the facial nerve is innervated by the ipsilateral corticobulbar n.

what does the Robertson/Argylle sign tell you?

What is Opthalmic nerve

It tells you off damage to CN III

Does sensory to form bottom of the nose to the top of the head

how many sensory branches does the trigemnial nerve have and name them

What is CN V

3; Opthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular

Trigemnial Nerve: both motor and sensory

What is Maxillary

What is mandibular

What is the motor of CN V repsonsible for

Bottom of eyes to top of the mouth

along jaw line, tongue

Responsible for chewing mastication

What is Corpus Collosum

What happens around the 8th week of the hemisphere’s formation?

What is alternating hemiplegia

sends motor and sensory signals from 1 side of the brain to the next

Myelinatid axons form and connect 1 hemisphere to the next

Rare genetic condition that is usually diagnosed by age of 18 months

Why can’t Agenesis of Corpus collosum form?

What is race car sign?

What parts of your body are affected in alternating hemiplegia

• Infections, Genetics, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Chiari Malformation Type II

When bundles push ventricles to the side and enlarge to form like racecar

One or both sides of the extremity on 1 side of the body or whole body itself

what happens if axons doesnt form in the corpus collosum?

moose head sign

how long does paralysis last in alternating hemiplegia

No race car sign

Only a part of corpus collosum forms

few minutes to several days

symptoms of agenisis corpus collosum

• mental retardation

• Bad memory

• Normality

• Dyslexia

• ADHD

What is ALS

Symptoms of Alternating Hemiplegia

What is Benign Essential Blepahrospasms

Condition in which upper and lower motor neurons degenerate and die

Stiffness to a dance like movement,Nystagmus, Seizures, Loss of balance, retardation

Harmless condition whose cause is unknown and there is spasms of eyelid

what happens in ALS

is there a cure for als

person losses ability to move their muscles.

No

How will a person know if they’re getting ALS?

what is the cause for ALS

Muscles of extremity start to weaken, affects swallowing muscles and respiratory system which causes them to die

unknown

When does death occur if you have ALS

Is ALS a progressive disease

how does Benign essential Blepharospasm start off

2-5 years

yes

excessive blinking that could get to the point where the person can no longer open their eyes

what happens if someone with Benign Essential blepharospasms open their eyes

Where is BEB most common in

nothing because they can see just fine

middle age women

what causes Benign Essential Blepharospasms

Describe the process that happens in BEB

Genetics Environment, Structure of eye

Corena —> Trigemnial nerve on the unilateral side —> Potteria facial nuclei(both sides) —>superior pretarsal —> blink

What is CVA

what are the two types of strokes

who mainly gets multiple sclerosis

A stroke

Hemorrhagic and Ischemic

Females, 20-40 due to genetic defect of HLA-DR gene

What is a stroke

What is hemorrhagic stroke

What is necrosis

when blood supply to the brain is cut off

blood vessels burst and leak out

tissue death

what is ischemic stroke

what is embolism

what are symptoms of CVA

blood supply to the brain is blocked

when a piece of material gets stuck in a blood vessel

Facial Paralysis

Arm Weakness

Speech impediments

Explain what happens for hemorrhagic stroke to occur

blood vessels get partially blocked—>blood cannot go trhough blood vessel —>Blood put pressure on bv wall —>aneurysm forms —>burst

what are long lastic symptoms of CVA

Hemiparesis

Difficulty Walking

Clenched fist

Difficulty swallowing

Facial paralysis

Death

What is multiple sclerosis

What attaches to oligodendrocytes

Why do T-cells affect the flow of impulses travelling across the axon

Your immune system attacks myelin on nerves

Antibodies

They leave the blood stream and attacks the myelin

What do T- cells release

Name symptoms of Multiple sclerosis

cytokines

• Temporary blindness in 1 eye

• Blurred vision

• Green- red color blindness

• Black spot on center of eye

• Incontincence

• Lhermittes sign

After T-cells release cytokines what happens

Why do antibodies attach to oligodendrocytes

When do symptoms start for Multiple Sclerosis

B-cells and macrophages are released into the blood stream

To terminate the marcophage

When myelin is no longer made and T-cells will attack myelin

What is Lhermittes sign

What is parathesia

Numbness in both hands and sends shooting pain down the back when looking down

Numbness and tingling

Why do symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis go away

A regulator T-cell inhibits the attack on the myelin then oligodendrocytes repair itself and produce myelin