unit 1 (B)- Animal research ethics

Describe the various uses of animals in biomedical research?

animals are used for research, as food source, for their hides, as pets, and for extracting chemicals to enhance medicines.

Explain the cultural and moral consideration in the debate over animal use in biomedical research.

cultural, moral, spiritual, and other considers complicate the debate on animal use in biomedical research.

Describe the various uses of animals in biomedical research?

animals are used for research, as food source, for their hides, as pets, and for extracting chemicals to enhance medicines.

Explain the cultural and moral consideration in the debate over animal use in biomedical research.

cultural, moral, spiritual, and other considers complicate the debate on animal use in biomedical research.

define humane treatment of animals in the context of biomedical research.

there is a general agreement that animals should be treated humanely, but no consensus on what constitutes humane treatment.

how does PETA view the use of animals in various contexts?

PETA believes animals should not be eaten, worn, experimented on, used for entertainments, abused in any way.

discuss the conflict between PETA’s position and common human practices regarding animals.

most people’s actions such as eating animals, keeping pets, and benefiting from medical advancement, conflict with PETA’s position.

what role has animal research played in the developments of COVID-19 vaccines?

The development of COVID-19 vaccines relied on knowledge gained from decades of virology and immunology research involving animals.

explain the significance of animal research in modern psychology.

without animal research, modern psychology would not exist, as mechanisms of behaviour are often easier to study in nonhumans.

identify reasons researchers choose to use animals in experiments.

researchers use animals because their mechanisms of behaviours are easier to study in nonhumans, and past experiences can be controlled.

what impact has animal experimentation had on drug development?

Animals experimentation has produces the majority of available prescription and over the counter drugs and has led to the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases.

discuss the perspectives of groups opposing animal research.

some groups believe that the harm inflicted on animals due to research in unacceptable and advocate against it.

describe the role of the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) in animal research.

The CCAC governs all animal experimentation in Canada, providing advice, recommendations, and regulations regarding the ehtical use and care of animals in science since 1968.

Explain the purpose of the animal care committee (ACC) in Canadian universities conducting animal research.

the ACC is responsible for reviewing facilities, practices, and procedures related to the use of research animals, ensuring that research is essential and minimizing any negative impact on animal wellbeing.

Define the 3 Rs program launched by the CCAC in 2009

• replacement (avoiding or replacing the use of animals)

• reduction (strategies to use fewer animals)

• refinement (modifying procedures to minimize pain and distress)

how often must Canadian universities conducting animal research be assessed and certified by the CCAC?

must be assessed and certified by the CCAC on a regular basis every 3 years.

do students of psychology have a responsibility regarding the use of animals in research?

yes, as consumers of psychological knowledge, psychology students agree to the use of animals in research, and are encouraged to carefully consider the implications of animal research and its ethical aspects.

what is the significant of the ACC’s approval for animal research?

The ACC’s approval is crucial as it ensures that only essential animal research is conducted and that the number of animals used is minimized.

Explain the concept of ‘Replacement’ in the context of the three Rs program.

Replacement refers to methods that avoid or replace the use of animals in research areas where animals would otherwise have been used.

What does ‘Reduction’ mean in the context of animal research ethics?

Reduction referes to any strategy that results in fewer animals being used in research.

Describe the meaning of ‘Refinement’ in animal research practices.

Refinement involves modifying husbandry or experimental procedures to minimize pain and distress experienced by research animals.

How does the regulatory climate in Canada affect animal research?

The regulatory climate ensures that only essential animal research is conducted, as determined by the ACC, and that the number of animals used is kept to a minimum.

Describe the regulations surrounding animal research in Canada.

Animal research in Canada is governed by strict regulation that require researchers to be trained, facilities to be monitored for compliance, and a detailed application process for using animals in research.

Explain the difference in regulations for animals research and food supply in Canada.

The regulations for animals research are more stringent than those for the food supply, where individuals can purchase and dispose of animals without the same level of oversight.

Do individuals have to consider alternatives to animal products before consumption?

Most vegetarians believe that individuals should consider alternatives to eating animals or animal products before making a choice to consume them.

How does the approval process for animal research work in Canada?

The approval process for animal research in Canada involves submitting a detailed application that undergoes a committee review, which can take months before approval is granted.

what is required for a research facility to conduct animal research?

A research facility must have a Good Animal Practice (GAP) certificate, which is awarded by an external agency after meeting strict guidelines.

Explain the role of the Animal Care Committee (ACC) in animal research.

The Animal Care Committee (ACC) oversees the research conducted in facilities to ensure compliance with ethical standards and regulations.

Discuss the ethical consideration in animal research.

Ethical considerations in animal research include minimizing animal use, ensuring proper training for researchers, and adhering to strict regulatory guidelines.

What are the implications of being an ordinary citizen vs. an animal researcher regarding animal use?

An ordinary citizen can freely purchase and dispose of animals, while an animal researcher must follow strict legal protocols and obtain approval before using any animals in research.