AP Gov Foundational Documents & Required Court Cases

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Declaration of Independence

fuck King George/tyranny; life liberty & the pursuit of happiness; rule with the consent of the governed

Fed 10

fact10ns will cancel each other out as more are formed, thus the constitution should be ratified (a federalist view)

Brutus #1

fear of tyranny, confederated gov > republican gov, thus the constitution should not be ratified (an antifederalist view)

Articles of Confederation

Preceded Constiution, state power >>> federal power, created a confederation, not a republic

Constitution

established a republic, 3 branches, federal power > state power

Fed 51

cynical view of men, separation of power, federalism, checks & balances

McCulloch v Maryland

McBank, Maryland tried taxing federal bank in its borders, federalism, necessary and proper clause, supremacy clause, in this case: federal power > state power

US v Lopez

Texas student charged felony for bringing gun to school, federalism, stretching commerce clause, in this case, federal power not absolute < state power

Baker v Carr

rural bakers in Tennessee’s votes were disproportionately equal to the higher population urban car drivers, redistricting, one person one vote doctrine, got Supreme Court involved in political questions

Shaw v Reno

“Shaw sounds black” - Travis, racial gerrymandering to get black representatives in North Carolina, colorblind interpretation + dangerous precedent, unconstitutional

Fed 70

promoted a powerful and singular president, argued it would not lead to tyranny, energetic president is needed to contrast congress’s slow pace

Fed 78

promoted lifetime tenure of Supreme Court justices, no worries of elections = beyond politics, judicial review protects the people

Marbury v Madison

Mayor Marbury, established judicial review

Engel v Vitale

school prayer to the angels, separation of church and state, 1st + 14th amendment (school is a state issue), unconstitutional

Winsconsin v Yoder

Winsconsin = boring cheese farming state, amish don’t wanna go to compulsory high school, 1st amendment’s protection of free exercise of religion, unconstitutional

Tinker v Des Moines

protested Vietnam War at school with armbands, suspended, 1st amendment’s protection of free speech, unconstitutional

Schneck v US

snake badge, dramatic pamphlets protesting against WW1 draft, arrested under espionage act, free speech is not absolute if incites “clear and present danger”, unconstitutional

New York Times v US

NY Times try publishing leaked Pentagon Papers, Nixon stops this via prior restraint, freedom of the press, unconstitutional

McDonald v Chicago

McDonald wants a gun to survive O Block, Chicago has restrictive gun laws, selective incorporation of 2nd amendment, due process clause of 14th amendment, unconstitutional

Gideon v Wainwright

Wainw-right to an attorney, was denied it, 6th amendment, selective incorporation of 14th amendment, unconstitutional

Letter from Birmingham Jail

equal protection clause of 14th amendment, civil rights movement, impatience to be granted rights, condemns white moderates

Brown v Board of Education

equal protection clause of 14th amendement, racial segregation in schools, separate but equal doctrine, led to inferiority complex, unconstitutional

Citizens United v FEC

Citizen United Productions, Hillary Clinton movie, Bipartisan Campaign Finance Act limited free speech of corporations, unconstitutional led to unlimited spending on political campaigns