WFC134L: Caudata/Gymnophiona

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Description and Tags

wfc134L

Herpetology

Caudata

Caecelians

Salamanders

Newts

California

Last updated 10:20 PM on 3/13/26
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44 Terms

1
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>Tip of NW Cali Coast</p></li><li><p><strong>15 coastal groove</strong></p></li><li><p>5 hind toes</p></li><li><p>lack labial grooves</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Tip of NW Cali Coast

  • 15 coastal groove

  • 5 hind toes

  • lack labial grooves

Plethodontidae
Plethodon dunni
Dunn’s Salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Plethodon dunni<br>Dunn’s Salamander</p><p></p>
2
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>Introduced (Scattered around Cali)</p></li><li><p><strong>Yellow bars</strong></p></li><li><p>flatish head</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Introduced (Scattered around Cali)

  • Yellow bars

  • flatish head

Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma mavortium
Western Tiger Salamander

<p>Ambystomatidae<br>Ambystoma mavortium<br>Western Tiger Salamander</p>
3
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>4th long toe on hind</strong></p></li><li><p>yellow/tan dorsal</p></li><li><p>Sierra/North cali</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • 4th long toe on hind

  • yellow/tan dorsal

  • Sierra/North cali

Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma macrodactylum
Long-toed Salamander

<p>Ambystomatidae<br>Ambystoma macrodactylum<br>Long-toed Salamander</p>
4
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>Uniform color</p></li><li><p><strong>Large parotoid glands</strong></p></li><li><p>Defined costal grooves</p></li><li><p>NW coastal Cali</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Uniform color

  • Large parotoid glands

  • Defined costal grooves

  • NW coastal Cali

Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma gracile
Northwestern Salamander

<p>Ambystomatidae<br>Ambystoma gracile<br>Northwestern Salamander</p>
5
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>rough skin</p></li><li><p>eyes doesn’t bulge</p></li><li><p><strong>Ventral color doesn’t reach eye</strong></p></li><li><p>Eye is not lighter color</p></li><li><p>Green eyes</p></li><li><p>NW Cali</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • rough skin

  • eyes doesn’t bulge

  • Ventral color doesn’t reach eye

  • Eye is not lighter color

  • Green eyes

  • NW Cali

Salamandridae
Taricha granulosa
Rough-Skinned Newt

<p>Salamandridae<br>Taricha granulosa<br>Rough-Skinned Newt</p>
6
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>Lighter color eyelids</p></li><li><p>Green eyes</p></li><li><p>Budgey eyes</p></li><li><p><strong>Dorsal color doesn’t touch eyelid</strong></p></li><li><p>Coastal Bay/SoCal</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Lighter color eyelids

  • Green eyes

  • Budgey eyes

  • Dorsal color doesn’t touch eyelid

  • Coastal Bay/SoCal

Salamandridae
Taricha torosa
California Newt

<p>Salamandridae<br>Taricha torosa<br>California Newt</p>
7
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>Bulgey eyes</p></li><li><p>Dorsal coloration doesn’t pass eyelid</p></li><li><p>Green eyes</p></li><li><p><strong>Sierra mountain</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Bulgey eyes

  • Dorsal coloration doesn’t pass eyelid

  • Green eyes

  • Sierra mountain

Salamandridae
Taricha sierrae
Sierra Newt

<p>Salamandridae<br>Taricha sierrae<br>Sierra Newt</p>
8
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>Dark eyes</p></li><li><p>Ventral is brighter color </p></li><li><p><strong>Dorsal coloration stops mid eye</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>mid NW Cali</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Dark eyes

  • Ventral is brighter color

  • Dorsal coloration stops mid eye

  • mid NW Cali

Salamandridae
Taricha rivularis
Red-Bellied Newt

<p>Salamandridae<br>Taricha rivularis<br>Red-Bellied Newt</p>
9
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Ring species</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Constricted tail</strong></p></li><li><p>newt mimic </p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Ring species

  • Constricted tail

  • newt mimic

Plethodontidae
Ensatina eschscholtzii
Ensatina

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Ensatina eschscholtzii<br>Ensatina</p>
10
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>GIANT in US</p></li><li><p><strong>Bay Area</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>mottling on chin</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • GIANT in US

  • Bay Area

  • mottling on chin

Dicamptodontidae
Dicamptodon ensatus
California Giant Salamander

<p>Dicamptodontidae<br>Dicamptodon ensatus<br>California Giant Salamander</p>
11
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>NW Cali</strong></p></li><li><p>Larvae form only rip</p></li><li><p><strong>no mottling on chin</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • NW Cali

  • Larvae form only rip

  • no mottling on chin

Dicamptodontidae
Dicamptodon tenebrosus
Coastal giant salamander

<p>Dicamptodontidae<br>Dicamptodon tenebrosus<br>Coastal giant salamander</p>
12
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Square vent</strong></p></li></ul><ul><li><p>spots on belly</p></li><li><p>NW Coast Cali</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Square vent

  • spots on belly

  • NW Coast Cali

Rhyacotritonidae
Rhyacotriton variegatus
Southern Torrent Salamander

<p>Rhyacotritonidae<br>Rhyacotriton variegatus<br>Southern Torrent Salamander</p>
13
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Smoll</strong></p></li><li><p>short tail</p></li><li><p><strong>webbed</strong></p></li><li><p>Tiny area in central Cali</p></li><li><p>nasolabial + costal groove</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Smoll

  • short tail

  • webbed

  • Tiny area in central Cali

  • nasolabial + costal groove

Plethodontidae
Hydromantes brunus
Limestone Salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Hydromantes brunus<br>Limestone Salamander</p>
14
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Slender and loNGG</strong></p></li><li><p>tiny legs</p></li><li><p><strong>4 toes on hind</strong></p></li><li><p>nasolabial + costal groove</p></li><li><p>Coastal NW-Bay + Central</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Slender and loNGG

  • tiny legs

  • 4 toes on hind

  • nasolabial + costal groove

  • Coastal NW-Bay + Central

Plethodontidae
Batrachoseps attenuatus
California slender salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Batrachoseps attenuatus<br>California slender salamander</p>
15
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>longer limbs</strong></p></li><li><p>less slender</p></li><li><p>South central Cali</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • longer limbs

  • less slender

  • South central Cali

Plethodontidae
Batrachoseps robustus
Kern Plateau Slender Salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Batrachoseps robustus<br>Kern Plateau Slender Salamander</p>
16
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>4 front/ 5 hind toes</p></li><li><p>mottled/speckled</p></li><li><p><strong>square toes</strong></p></li><li><p>NW Coastal Cali</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • 4 front/ 5 hind toes

  • mottled/speckled

  • square toes

  • NW Coastal Cali

Plethodontidae
Aneides vagrans
Wandering salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Aneides vagrans<br>Wandering salamander</p>
17
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Triangle head</strong></p></li><li><p>Square toes</p></li><li><p>Costal grooves defined</p></li><li><p>spotted</p></li><li><p>Coastal Cali + Central</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Triangle head

  • Square toes

  • Costal grooves defined

  • spotted

  • Coastal Cali + Central

Plethodontidae
Aneides lugubris
Arboreal Salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Aneides lugubris<br>Arboreal Salamander</p>
18
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p>Nasolabial + costal grooves</p></li><li><p><strong>Dark</strong></p></li><li><p>Triangle head</p></li><li><p>slightly less square toes</p></li><li><p>NW Coast Cali</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • Nasolabial + costal grooves

  • Dark

  • Triangle head

  • slightly less square toes

  • NW Coast Cali

Plethodontidae
Aneides flavipunctatus
Black Salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Aneides flavipunctatus<br>Black Salamander</p>
19
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>18 costal grooves</strong></p></li><li><p>4 front, 5 hind toes</p></li><li><p>Top NW Cali Coast</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • 18 costal grooves

  • 4 front, 5 hind toes

  • Top NW Cali Coast

Plethodontidae
Plethodon elongatus
Del Norte Salamander

<p>Plethodontidae<br>Plethodon elongatus<br>Del Norte Salamander</p><p></p>
20
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<p>Family and Genus + Species?</p><ul><li><p><strong>yellow/white spots</strong></p></li><li><p>Costal grooves</p></li><li><p>bay area/central</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family and Genus + Species?

  • yellow/white spots

  • Costal grooves

  • bay area/central

Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma californiense
California Tiger Salamander

<p>Ambystomatidae<br>Ambystoma californiense<br>California Tiger Salamander</p><p></p>
21
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p><strong>No hind limbs</strong></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Paedomorphic</strong></p></li><li><p>&gt;10 species (less than)</p></li><li><p>Southern US</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • No hind limbs

  • Paedomorphic

  • >10 species (less than)

  • Southern US

Sirenidae

<p>Sirenidae</p>
22
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p>Western Coast US</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Square vent</strong></p></li></ul><ul><li><p>&gt;10 species (less than)</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • Western Coast US

  • Square vent

  • >10 species (less than)

Rhyacotritonidae

<p>Rhyacotritonidae</p><p></p>
23
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p><strong>4 limbs</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Paedomorphic</strong></p></li><li><p>East US, some areas in the East</p></li><li><p>&gt;10 species (less than)</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • 4 limbs

  • Paedomorphic

  • East US, some areas in the East

  • >10 species (less than)

Proteidae

<p>Proteidae</p><p></p>
24
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p>whole US</p></li><li><p><strong>robust</strong></p></li><li><p>smooth</p></li><li><p>~30 species</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • whole US

  • robust

  • smooth

  • ~30 species

Ambystomatidae

<p>Ambystomatidae</p><p></p>
25
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p>rough/smooth skin</p></li><li><p>~100 species</p></li><li><p><strong>brightly colored</strong></p></li><li><p>US/England/Asia</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • rough/smooth skin

  • ~100 species

  • brightly colored

  • US/England/Asia

Salamandridae

<p>Salamandridae</p><p></p>
26
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<p>Order + Family</p><ul><li><p><strong>rings</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>snake/worm like</strong></p></li><li><p>~200 species</p></li><li><p>Pantropical areas</p></li></ul><p></p>

Order + Family

  • rings

  • snake/worm like

  • ~200 species

  • Pantropical areas

Gymnophiona, Caecilians

27
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p>typical terrestrial body</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>~100 species</p></li><li><p>Asia</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • typical terrestrial body

  • ~100 species

  • Asia

Hynobiidae (prob not exam cus broken tail)

<p>Hynobiidae (prob not exam cus broken tail)</p><p></p>
28
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p>China/Japan, Eastern US</p></li><li><p><strong>HUGEEEE and baggy</strong></p></li><li><p>&gt;10 species</p></li><li><p><strong>Paedomorphic</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • China/Japan, Eastern US

  • HUGEEEE and baggy

  • >10 species

  • Paedomorphic

Cryptobranchidae

29
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Mottled</strong></p></li><li><p>West Coast US/ Montana</p></li><li><p>&gt;10 species</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • Mottled

  • West Coast US/ Montana

  • >10 species

Dicamptodontidae

<p>Dicamptodontidae</p>
30
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p><strong>4 TINY LIMBS</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>no gill frills</strong></p></li><li><p>SE US</p></li><li><p>&gt; 10 species</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • 4 TINY LIMBS

  • no gill frills

  • SE US

  • > 10 species

Amphiumidae

<p>Amphiumidae</p>
31
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<p>Family?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Nasolabial groove</strong></p></li><li><p>~500 species</p></li><li><p>N/S America/ Greece</p></li></ul><p></p>

Family?

  • Nasolabial groove

  • ~500 species

  • N/S America/ Greece

Plethodontidae

<p>Plethodontidae</p>
32
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<p>Salamandridae range?</p>

Salamandridae range?

Red: granulosa
Green: sierrae
Blue: torosa
Orange: rivularis

33
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<p>Which ambystomatidae range?</p>

Which ambystomatidae range?

TL: californiense
TR: mavortium
BL: macrodactylum
BR: gracile

34
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<p>Which plethodontidae range?</p>

Which plethodontidae range?

Hydromantes brunus

35
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<p>Dicamptodontidae range?</p>

Dicamptodontidae range?

L: ensatus
R: tenebrosus

36
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What is it called when a newt shows its belly as a defense mechanism?

Unken reflex

<p>Unken reflex</p>
37
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Explain what a ring species is and which species has it?

Ensatina escscholtzii

Connected species of neighboring populations that can interbreed with each other. If the populations are further away from each other, they cannot interbreed with each other.

38
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What kind of care do they receive if they are external fertilizers?

Paternal care

39
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What kind of care do they receive if they are internal fertilizers?

Maternal care

40
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Name a family that are internal fertilizers?

Plethodontidae

41
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Name a family that are external fertilizers?

Hynobiidae

42
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What are unique about caecelians?

  • tentacles

  • ring like (annuli)

  • heavy ossified skull

  • internal fertilization

43
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Rank these from most to least species

  • Hynobiidae

  • Plethodontidae

  • Dicamptodontidae

  • Ambystomatidae

Plethodontidae, Hynobiidae, Amybstomatidae, Dicamptodontidae

44
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Name an invasive species of caudata

Ambystoma mavortium
Western tiger salamander

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