TOPIC FOURTEEN: INTERWAR ERA

How did WWI officially end?

Treaty of Versailles

What document permanently changed Europe and international relations?

Treaty of Versailles

Which country became an "economic powerhouse" after WWI?

USA

The ______ ____________ began with the US stock market crash of October 1929

Great Depression

- US slid into a huge economic crisis which affected the entire world

- World trade declined when much of the world was still recovering from WWI

- A 10-year depression followed

What event was this?

Great Depression

What document held Germany responsible for the war and forced them to pay reparations which later devastated Germany's economy

Treaty of Versailles

Which document redrew the map of Europe and caused the creation of new countries and the dissolution of historic empires?

Treaty of Versailles

Which event caused governments to take a more active role in regulating economies due to crisis?

Great Depression

Which event caused people to be more willing to follow authoritarian leaders who promise to use government powers to fix crises?

Great Depression

_________ was in debt to the US after WWI. When the US called for the debts to be paid after the stock market crash, this led to a domino effect of economic downturn

Europe

What event did these lead to:

- Russia abolished its monarchy and adopted a socialist/communist form of government

- Russians became fed up with military incompetence and the scandals of Tsar Nicholas

Russian Revolution

What was the radical Marxist faction group founded by Vladimir Lenin that seized power in Russia?

Bolsheviks

True or False. There were 3 periods (parts) of the Russian Revolution

False; There were 2 periods (parts)

What were the two periods of the Russian Revolution?

- February Revolution

- October Revolution

Which period of the Russian Revolution ended the Russian monarchy and replaced it with a provisional government (a government intended to govern Russia until elections are held to select a leader)

February Revolution (The first period)

Which period of the Russian Revolution created the Petrograd Soviet (council) which was controlled by the Bolsheviks who overthrew the Provisional government (temporary government)

October Revolution (The second period)

Who were the main leader(s) of the Bolsheviks?

- Vladimir Lenin (Primary leader)

- Leon Trotsky

- Joseph Stalin

What was the Russian communist state established by Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R or Soviet Union)

Vladimir Lenin's ____ ___________ aimed to:

- Nationalize industry

- Requisition (demand) grain from peasants

- Establish state control over the economy

War Communism

What initiative in the Soviet Union forced the peasants to give all surplus harvest to the state, leading to mass discontent and starvation

Lenin's War Communism

Who did Vladimir Lenin want to succeed him? Why?

Leon Trotsky; He believed Joseph Stalin was too authoritarian and he did not agree with some of his ideas

How did Vladimir Lenin die? Who gained power after he died?

He died of three strokes; Joseph Stalin claimed power after the communist party was thrown into chaos

Who exiled and assassinated Leon Trotsky because Trotsky publicly opposed him and his idea of suppressing democracy?

Joseph Stalin

True or False; Stalin ruled for 10 years and then peacefully surrendered power

False; Stalin ruled for the rest of his life (ruled from 1924- 1952)

_______ ________ is considered to be one of the deadliest leaders in modern history. He was responsible for 10-20 million deaths, forced labor camps, and authoritarian dictatorship

Joseph Stalin

Russian labor camps were called....?

Gulags

What was the 5-year plan that sought to modernize and industrialize Russia?

GOSPLAN

What event describes:

- Joseph Stalin's political opponents and potential threats are eliminated

- Dissenting communists are eliminated

- Trotsky supporters are eliminated

- Approx. 1 million deaths from executions and gulags

The Great Purge

Who founded the Fascist Party? Where was this man from?

Benito Mussolini; Italy

What ideology saw extreme nationalism (pride for your nation) and militarism (military power) as the "key" to success and national unity

Fascism

What was the paramilitary (unofficial military) wing of the Fascist Party who suppressed political opposition (Freedom of speech/press) and was mainly composed of unemployed military veterans?

Black Shirts

Who was leader of the Black Shirts?

Benito Mussolini

Which ideology believes

- Extreme nationalism, racism, and suppression of opposition was a way to make the nation stronger

- Believed the needs of the nation were more important than individual rights

Fascism

_________ and the Blackshirts marched on the capital, leading to his appointment as Prime Minister. This man later arrested and killed his opponents and outlawed opposing political parties

Mussolini

The _______ __________ was formed after the fall of the German Empire

Weimar Republic

Which country:

- Was a democratic republic (same as America)

- Had universal voting rights

- Promoted federalism

- Had a constitution

Weimar Republic

What were the main issues that caused instability in the Weimar Republic?

- Hyperinflation due to recovery from the war and reparations payments

- Proportional Representation system of voting (no party had majority)

- France/Belgium invaded the Ruhr (area in Germany)

- Great Depression removed American investment

- Discrimination not limited to Jews. (Affected communists, disabled, queer community, etc.)

Who promised German superiority through extreme nationalism, antisemitism, and social concepts combined with German outrage over the Treaty of Versailles? This man also followed in the fascist footsteps of Benito Mussolini

Adolf Hitler

What is the National Socialist German Workers Party called?

Nazi

What 2 countries used propaganda to build empires

Italy and Germany

Which set of laws deprived Jews of all civil rights and forbade intermarriage with Germans

Nuremberg Laws

On November 9/10, Nazis attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues where hundreds were killed and thousands were sent to concentration camp. What was this event called?

Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

Who was elected chancellor in 1933 and then used the Reichstag Fire to gain complete dictatorial power. This led to the state taking control of the national economy, outlawing other political parties, and jailing political opponents

Adolf Hitler

When Hitler ordered German troops to enter demilitarized Rhineland which violated the Treaty of Versailles, what was this called?

Remilitarization of the Rhineland

When Britain and France adopted policies of non intervention, hoping to avoid another war, thet failed to challenge German aggression. This was due to...?

Western Non-Intervention Policies

When Nazi Germany annexed Austria, unifying both German-speaking countries. Western powers offered no resistance. What was this called?

Anschluss (Annexation of Austria)

When Germany demanded and received the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, what was called?

Annexation of Sudetenland

When British PM Neville Chamberlain agreed to Hitler's demands for Sudetenland claiming it would bring "peace in our time", this was called...?

Munich Agreement (Appeasement)

When Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-agression pact, secretly agreeing to divide Poland between them, this was called...?

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Hitler-Stalin)