Spinal Cord and Nerves

The spinal cord extends from the __________________ to ____________.

The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to L1/L2

The human body has ___________ pairs of spinal nerves.

The human body has 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Changes in the cross-sectional shape of the spinal cord are mainly due to ______________. 

Changes in the cross-sectional shape of the spinal cord are mainly due to increased numbers of motor neurons in the gray matter of the cervical and lumbar regions. 

identify these structures 

1. dura mater

2. arachnoid mater

3. pia mater

4. denticulate ligament

The spinal cord develops from the __________________ of the neural tube.

The spinal cord develops from the caudal portion of the neural tube.

Spina bifida is the _________________________

Spina bifida is the absence of vertebral laminae to enclose the spinal cord

1. neuroepithelial layer

2. mantle layer

3. marginal layer

1. dorsal root (sensory)

2. ventral root (motor)

3. dorsal root ganglion (sensory)

4. dorsal primary ramus (mixed)

5. spinal nerve (mixed)

6. ventral primary ramus (mixed)

1. conus medullaris

2. cauda equina

3. filum terminale

In a lumbar puncture, CSF is withdrawn from the ______________________

In a lumbar puncture, CSF is withdrawn from the subarachnoid space

For epidural anesthesia, anesthesia is injected into the ______________________

For epidural anesthesia, anesthesia is injected into the epidural space

Spinal cord levels for doing lumbar punctures:

• Adult ___________

• Child ___________

Spinal cord levels for doing lumbar punctures:

• Adult: L3/L4

• Child: L4/L5

1. sensory

2. motor 

Dermatomes