BNNS502 Week 3 LO's - Endocrine system and Metabolic Reactions

Name the organ that has endocrine and exocrine functions

Pancreas

3 stimuli that triggers hormone secretion

Signals from the nervous system, the levels of a chemical in blood, another hormone

2 hormones released from the posterior pituitary and where they are produced

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

6 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary

Growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin

Describe growth hormone

stimulates all body cells to enlarge and divide

Describe thyroid stimulating hormone

increases basal metabolic rate, and stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

Describe follicle stimulating hormone

stimulates development of oocytes, stimulates oestrogen production and in males it stimulates the testes to produce sperm

Describe lutenising hormone

In females it stimulates the production of oestrogen and progesterone and in males it stimulates the testes to produce testosterone

Describe prolactin

Initiates and maintains milk production

What is the mineral needed by the body to produce thyroxine

Iodine

3 actions of cortisol

raised blood glucose, fatty acids and amino acids, enhances sympathetic NS, anti-inflammatory effect suppresses immune system

6 actions of adrenaline

increase heart rate and force of contraction, increase cardiac output, increase BP, increase blood flow to myocardium, liver and skeletal muscles, dilate airways, increase BGL's, dilate pupils

State the main action of noradrenaline

causes vasoconstriction which increases blood pressure

Name the 2 hormones that control blood calcium levels

Parathyroid hormone INCREASES blood calcium levels and calcitonin DECREASES blood calcium levels

Describe the action of calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Describe 3 actions of PTH

Stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and raise blood calcium, enhances reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys, activates vitamin D to become calcitrol which is needed to absorb calcium from food

What is calcitriol also known as

active vitamin D

State 2 effects of calcitriol

Increases absorption of calcium and phosphate from the small intestine and enhances the actions of parathyroid hormone which resorbs bone

Name the 2 hormones that specifically reduce BGL's (blood glucose levels) , the specific cells that secrete these hormones and the stimulus

Insulin is secreted by beta cells and is released when BGL's are high and glucagon is secreted by alpha cells and is released when BGLs are low

Name each of the metabolic reactions

glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, lipogenesis

Describe glycogenesis, its effect on BGL's and the hormone which stimulates the action

insulin stimulates synthesis of glycogen from glucose to decrease BGL

Describe glycogenolysis, its effect on BGL's and the hormone which stimulates the action

glucagon and adrenaline stimulate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose to increase BGL

Describe gluconeogenesis, its effect on BGL's and the hormone which stimulates the action

cortisol and glucagon stimulate synthesis of glucose from glycerol, amino acids and lactic acid to increase BGL

Describe lipolysis, its effect on BGL's and the hormone which stimulates the action

adrenaline, cortisol, TH and GH stimulate the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids to increase BGL

Describe lipogenesis, its effect on BGL's and the hormone which stimulates the action

insulin stimulates the synthesis of lipids from glucose and amino acids to decrease BGL

Explain how thyroxine increases basil metabolic rate

stimulates cell respiration meaning cells use more oxygen and produce more ATP