Plant Structure and Function ICA

Gas exchange in most land plants occurs through structures called

stomata

A growth-producing region of cell division, known as a/an ________, is found near the tips of stems and roots.

apical meristem

In plants, the vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called

xylem

In plants, the vascular tissue that consists of living cells that distribute sugars throughout the plant is called

phloem

Angiosperms consist of the clades

monocots and eudicots.

Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of

three

The chief function of root hairs is to

increase the surface area for efficient absorption of water and minerals.

What helps regulate the movement of carbon dioxide into and out of a leaf?

guard cells

In general, plant dermal tissues are found

at the outer surface of a plant.

Which statement is false?

Each vein in a leaf is composed of either xylem or phloem, but not both.

Sieve-tube elements are food-conducting plant cells that are part of the

phloem

Which type of vascular tissue cell in a plant is dead at maturity?

vessel elements

Which substance, by providing strength, allows sclerenchyma cells to provide support and play a role analogous to that of an animal's skeleton?

lignin

Photosynthesis occurs in which type of plant tissue?

parenchyma

The growth that pushes a root down through the soil takes place through

cell elongation behind the root tip.

If you carve your initials in the trunk of a tree, will they move up as the tree grows?

No. Elongation occurs just below the tips of growing stems in the apical meristems.

The increase in girth associated with production of wood and bark in trees occurs as a consequence of

secondary growth.

Bark consists of

secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork.

What is the difference between the heartwood and sapwood of a tree?

Heartwood no longer transports water and minerals, and sapwood still conducts xylem sap.

In a showy flower such as a magnolia or rose, the flower parts that play the main role in attracting the notice of animal pollinators are the

petals

Before it opens up into full blossom, the outer green layer of a rosebud consists of the leaflike

sepals

How does the sperm of an angiosperm reach the egg?

via the pollen tube that grows from the pollen grain through the carpel tissues to the ovule

In angiosperms, the process of ________ ensures that the endosperm will develop only in ovules containing a fertilized egg.

double fertilization

A mature ovary, specialized as a vessel that houses and protects seeds, is a

fruit

What is the evolutionary advantage of the very long life span of some plants?

the ability to produce many offspring over many years

A florist assembles a bouquet of flowers from the following:
1. lilies, which have long leaves with parallel veins
2. Queen Anne's lace, also known as wild carrot because of its large taproot
3. buttercups, with their five lovely yellow petals
4. new shoots of daisies with two small cotyledons
This bunch of flowers contains

three eudicots and one monocot.

What is the physical barrier in the root that regulates the flow of water to xylem via cell walls?

Casparian strip

Which sequence of structures through which water passes into a root is correct?

epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem

The loss of water from the leaves of plants is

transpiration

________ pulls water through a plant.

Transpiration

The pores that facilitate gas exchange in plant leaves are called

stomata

The sugar "sink" in roots is the result of

active transport of sugars from phloem to root cells.

The vascular cambium gives rise to ________.

secondary xylem and phloem

Which of the following would tend to increase transpiration?

higher stomatal density